Descemet's membrane development, structure, function and regeneration
Descemet's membrane development, structure, function and regeneration
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DOI：
10.1016/j.exer.2020.108090
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发表时间：
2020-08-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Wilson, Steven E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Oliveira, Rodrigo Carlos;Wilson, Steven E.
基底膜是细胞外基质层，它将大多数器官中的上皮或内皮锚在结缔组织上。后弹力层是角膜内皮的基底膜，是一种致密、厚、相对透明且无细胞的基质，将后角膜基质与下面的内皮分离。它在历史上以法国医生Jean Descemet的名字命名为Descemet膜，但它也被称为后界弹性膜，后弹性膜和Demours膜。人类正常后弹力膜的超微结构由附着在角膜基质上的界面基质、前带状层和后非带状层组成，角膜内皮细胞附着在后带状层上。这些层已被证明具有独特的组成和形态，并有助于角膜稳态和透明度，参与控制角膜水合作用并调节TGF-β诱导的后角膜纤维化。后弹力膜的病理生理学改变见于眼部疾病，如Fuchs营养不良、大泡性角膜病、圆锥角膜、原发性先天性青光眼（Haab氏纹）以及全身性疾病。后弹力层的未修复的广泛损伤导致严重的角膜混浊和由于基质纤维化导致的视力丧失，这可能需要穿透性角膜移植术来恢复角膜透明度。本文的目的是强调目前的理解德斯密的膜结构，功能和再生潜力。
Basement membranes are layers of extracellular matrix which anchor the epithelium or endothelium to connective tissues in most organs. Descemet's membrane- which is the basement membrane for the corneal endothelium- is a dense, thick, relatively transparent and cell-free matrix that separates the posterior corneal stroma from the underlying endothelium. It was historically named Descemet's membrane after Jean Descemet, a French physician, but it is also known as the posterior limiting elastic lamina, lamina elastica posterior, and membrane of Demours. Normal Descemet's membrane ultrastructure in humans has been shown to consist of an interfacial matrix that attaches to the overlying corneal stroma, an anterior banded layer and a posterior non banded layer-upon which corneal endothelial cells attach. These layers have been shown to have unique composition and morphology, and to contribute to corneal homeostasis and clarity, participate in the control of corneal hydration and to modulate TGF-beta-induced posterior corneal fibrosis. Pathophysiological alterations of Descemet's membrane are noted in ocular diseases such as Fuchs' dystrophy, bullous keratopathy, keratoconus, primary congenital glaucoma (Haab's striae), as well as in systemic conditions. Unrepaired extensive damage to Descemet's membrane results in severe corneal opacity and vision loss due to stromal fibrosis, which may require penetrating keratoplasty to restore corneal transparency. The purpose of this article is to highlight the current understanding of Descemet's membrane structure, function and potential for regeneration.