SEASONAL FORAGING SPECIALIZATION IN THE WORM-EATING WARBLER
SEASONAL FORAGING SPECIALIZATION IN THE WORM-EATING WARBLER
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DOI：
10.2307/1368770
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发表时间：
1987-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
GREENBERG, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GREENBERG, R
在马里兰州和牙买加、多米尼加共和国和伯利兹的非繁殖季节，研究了食虫莺（Helmitheros vermivorus）的觅食行为。超过75%的觅食演习记录从5月至8月初在马里兰州是针对活叶，而超过75%的演习是针对死卷曲叶在温带冬季热带森林林下植物。与死和活叶节肢动物的相对丰度的采样表明，虽然在死和活叶的总数的比例是类似的温带和热带的网站，估计生物量的整体比例是相当大的热带网站。这是因为大型节肢动物通常在热带森林中使用死亡的卷曲叶子作为白天的栖息地。然而，最大的温带节肢动物通常在白天在树叶表面发现。冬季觅食专业化的枯叶节肢动物显然是更苛刻的，最专门的搜索和攻击行为与喂养死亡和活卷曲的叶子。9月，我再次访问了伯利兹的研究地点，当时食虫莺可能正在抵达，并发现了死叶和活叶的中间用途。死叶和活叶上节肢动物的相对丰度与冬季在同一地点发现的相似。这表明一个过渡期，这是一致的试验和错误的学习假设，在这个物种的季节性觅食专业化的发展。
The foraging behavior of Worm-eating Warblers (Helmitheros vermivorus) was studied in Maryland during the breeding season and in Jamaica, Dominican Republic, and Belize during the nonbreeding season. Over 75% of the foraging maneuvers recorded from May to early August in Maryland were directed towards live foliage, whereas over 75% of the maneuvers were directed towards dead curled leaves in the understory of tropical forest in the temperate zone winter. Sampling of the relative abundance of arthropodes associated with dead and live foliage showed that although the ratio of total numbers in dead and live leaves was similar in the temperate and tropical sites, the overall ratio of estimated biomass was considerably greater in the tropical sites. This is because large arthropods commonly use dead curled leaves as daytime roosts in tropical forests. However, the largest temperature-zone arthropods are generally found on leaf surfaces during the day. The winter-foraging specialization on dead leaf arthropods apparently is the more demanding; the most specialized search and attack behaviors are associated with feeding at dead and live curled leaves. I revisited the Belize study sites in September, when Worm-eating Warblers were presumably arriving and found an intermediate use of dead and live leaves. Relative abundances of arthropods on dead and live leaves were similar to those found in the winter period at the same sites. This suggests a period of transition which is consistent with the trial and error learning hypothesis for the development of seasonal foraging specializations in this species.