The Microbiome and Its Potential for Pharmacology
The Microbiome and Its Potential for Pharmacology
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/164_2019_317
复制
发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Knight, Rob
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chavira, Aries;Belda-Ferre, Pedro;Knight, Rob
人类微生物群（居住在我们体内的微生物）和微生物组（它们的基因）在改善药理学实践方面具有相当大的潜力。多“组学”技术的最新进展极大地提高了我们对微生物组的组成及其功能的理解。这项研究对人类健康的影响，包括微生物组与肥胖、药物代谢、神经系统疾病、癌症和许多其他健康状况的联系，引发了人们对利用微生物组进行靶向治疗的极大兴趣。微生物途径与疾病状态之间的联系进一步突出了伴随诊断和精准医学方法的巨大潜力。例如，粪便微生物群移植治疗艰难梭菌感染的成功已经开始重新定义微生物群导向疗法的护理标准。在这篇综述中，我们简要讨论了人类微生物生态系统的性质以及与微生物组相关的病理和生物过程。然后，我们审查新兴的计算宏基因组学，代谢组学和湿实验室技术的研究人员正在使用今天的角色主机微生物相互作用的药理学目的，反之亦然。最后，我们描述了药物如何影响微生物组，微生物组如何影响不同人群的药物反应，以及微生物组本身作为新疗法来源的潜力。
The human microbiota (the microscopic organisms that inhabit us) and microbiome (their genes) hold considerable potential for improving pharmacological practice. Recent advances in multi-"omics" techniques have dramatically improved our understanding of the constituents of the microbiome and their functions. The implications of this research for human health, including microbiome links to obesity, drug metabolism, neurological diseases, cancer, and many other health conditions, have sparked considerable interest in exploiting the microbiome for targeted therapeutics. Links between microbial pathways and disease states further highlight a rich potential for companion diagnostics and precision medicine approaches. For example, the success of fecal microbiota transplantation to treat Clostridium difficile infection has already started to redefine standard of care with a microbiome-directed therapy. In this review we briefly discuss the nature of human microbial ecosystems and with pathologies and biological processes linked to the microbiome. We then review emerging computational metagenomic, metabolomic, and wet lab techniques researchers are using today to learn about the roles host-microbial interactions have with respect to pharmacological purposes and vice versa. Finally, we describe how drugs affect the microbiome, how the microbiome can impact drug response in different people, and the potential of the microbiome itself as a source of new therapeutics.