An unwelcome minority: banning Buddhist practices, marginalising itinerants, and constructing heritage in a Japanese pilgrimage

An unwelcome minority: banning Buddhist practices, marginalising itinerants, and constructing heritage in a Japanese pilgrimage
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不受欢迎的少数群体:禁止佛教活动、边缘化流动者以及在日本朝圣中建设遗产

DOI:
10.1080/09637494.2023.2200368
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Religion, State and Society
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Reader I
Reader I
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Reader I

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四国朝圣如今被视为日本文化遗产和传统的象征。它的起源是佛教人物Kōbō大师的巡回信徒的苦行旅行,他是朝圣者虔诚的中心焦点,在朝圣传说中被描绘成一个乞丐。这些早期的苦行僧依靠佛教的行乞,并得到四国的施舍习俗的支持。然而,在2007年,朝圣寺庙禁止朝圣者在他们的管辖范围内乞讨,声称那些这样做的人(主要是朝圣者社区中极少数的巡回旅行者)不是真正的朝圣者——尽管他们遵循了朝圣起源的核心实践。这一禁令反映了不同时代朝圣者被边缘化、被谴责为与社会风气对立、被骚扰甚至被禁止的历史模式。在讨论最近禁令的潜在原因时,我展示了它如何反映了朝圣社区中边缘化少数民族的更广泛模式,并揭示了宗教和政治当局如何看待任何特定时代的朝圣。
The Shikoku Pilgrimage is nowadays esteemed as a symbol of cultural heritage and tradition in Japan. Its origins are in the ascetic travels of itinerant devotees of the Buddhist figure Kōbō Daishi, who is the central focus of pilgrim devotion and is depicted in pilgrimage lore as a mendicant. These early ascetics relied on the Buddhist practice of mendicancy and were supported by the Shikoku custom ofsettai(almsgiving). However, in 2007, the pilgrimage temples banned pilgrims from alms solicitation within their precincts, claiming that those doing it (mostly itinerants who are a tiny minority among the pilgrim community) were not genuine pilgrims – even though they were following a practice central to the origins of the pilgrimage. This ban reflects historical patterns in different eras of pilgrims being marginalised, decried as antithetical to the ethos of the society, harassed, and even banned. In discussing the underlying reasons for the recent mendicancy ban, I show how it reflects a wider pattern of marginalising minorities within the pilgrimage community and reveals how religious and political authorities perceive the pilgrimage in any given era.
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