Deer antlerogenic periosteum: a piece of postnatally retained embryonic tissue?
Deer antlerogenic periosteum: a piece of postnatally retained embryonic tissue?
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DOI：
10.1007/s004290100204
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发表时间：
2001-11-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Suttie, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, CY;Suttie, JM
本文综述了对青春期前鹿额骨外侧嵴上覆盖的一片骨膜--生茸骨膜（AP）的研究结果。AP最初是由Hartwig和Schrudde在1974年发现的，当时他们正在寻找产生鹿角的组织。在他们的实验中，当AP被移植到鹿身体的其他地方时，它形成了异位鹿角。这清楚地表明，AP具有完全的自我分化能力，这是一种只有哺乳动物胚胎组织才具有的属性，如侧板中胚层（LPM）。戈斯在20世纪80年代沿着这条线进行的研究沿着进一步证明，AP也包含了鹿角形成的图案信息。在20世纪90年代，我们的团队对这种独特的组织进行了一系列研究。结果表明，AP的一些关键特征类似于胚胎组织，如惊人的体内和体外生长潜力，以及丰富的糖原含量。组织学观察和使用遗传标记的细胞谱系追踪令人信服地证明，花梗和鹿角是AP的衍生物。基于这些发现，我们提出了一个假设，即AP是一块出生后保留的胚胎组织。形态学和组织学检查的推定鹿茸生长区域在鹿的产前生活表明，原始的花梗的生长开始在妊娠早期（约55天），但随后停止（约100天），随后在妊娠后期被抑制。覆盖原始花梗的表皮类似于顶端外胚层脊（多细胞层）。这些结果有力地支持了我们的假设。从鹿茸形成（从AP在出生后）和哺乳动物的肢体发育（从LPM在出生前）之间的具体比较的结果表明，鹿角和肢体的个体发育是可比的，鹿茸具有相同水平的调节性能作为哺乳动物的肢体。我们相信，揭示潜在的机制，保留胚胎组织特性的AP，直到鹿出生后的生活将有重要的意义，在生物医学研究。来自AP的鹿角形成提供了一个理想的模型来研究自我分化系统的功能。
This article reviews the research findings on the piece of periosteum overlying the lateral crest of prepubertal deer frontal bone, known as antlerogenic periosteum (AP). AP was initially discovered by Hartwig and Schrudde in 1974 when searching for the tissue that gives rise to antlers. In their experiment, when AP was transplanted elsewhere on the deer body it formed ectopic antlers. This clearly shows that AP possesses full self-differentiating ability, an attribute that can only be paralleled by embryonic tissue in mammals, like lateral plate mesoderm (LPM). Studies along this line by Goss in the 1980s further demonstrated that AP also holds the patterning information for antler formation. In the 1990s, our group carried out a series of studies on this unique tissue. The results showed that some of the critical features of AP resemble those of embryonic tissues, such as the astonishing growth potential in vivo and in vitro, and rich glycogen content. Histological observations and cell lineage tracing using a genetic marker convincingly demonstrate that pedicles and antlers are the derivatives of AP. Based on these findings, we advanced a hypothesis that AP is a piece of postnatally retained embryonic tissue. Morphological and histological examinations on the presumptive antler growth regions in deer prenatal life showed that the growth of primordial pedicles is initiated in the early pregnant stage (about 55 days) but then ceases (about 100 days) and is subsequently repressed at the late stage of pregnancy. The epidermis overlying the primordial pedicles resembles the apical ectoderm ridge (multicellular layer). These results strongly support our hypothesis. The results from the specific comparison between deer antler formation (from AP in postnatal) and mammalian limb development (from LPM in prenatal) showed that the ontogeny of antlers and limbs are comparable, and that deer antler has the same level of regulative properties as mammalian limbs. We believe that revealing the mechanism underlying the retention of embryonic tissue properties by AP until deer postnatal life will have important implications in biomedical research. Antler formation from AP offers an ideal model to work with in investigating how a self-differentiating system functions.