Vertical wind velocity measurements using a five-hole probe with remotely piloted aircraft to study aerosol-cloud interactions
Vertical wind velocity measurements using a five-hole probe with remotely piloted aircraft to study aerosol-cloud interactions
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DOI：
10.5194/amt-11-2583-2018
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发表时间：
2018-05-03
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
O'Dowd, Colin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Calmer, Radiance;Roberts, Gregory C.;O'Dowd, Colin
垂直风速（特别是正垂直风速或上升气流）在大气科学中的重要性促使人们需要在小型遥控飞行器（RPA）上部署为载人飞行器开发的多孔探测器。在大气研究中，轻型rpa （< 2.5 kg）现在能够准确测量大气风矢量，甚至在云中，这为了解气溶胶与云的相互作用提供了必要的观测工具。欧洲项目BACCHUS（生物源与人为排放对云和气候的影响：走向整体理解）侧重于这些具体的相互作用。特别是云底垂直风速是研究气溶胶与云相互作用的关键参数。为了测量风的三个组成部分，RPA配备了一个五孔探头、压力传感器和惯性导航系统（INS）。在多轴平台上对五孔探头进行了校准，并在风洞中对probe- ins系统进行了验证。安装在RPA上后，将五孔探头的功率谱密度（PSD）函数和湍流动能（TKE）与气象桅杆上的声速风速计进行了比较。在爱尔兰梅斯海德大气研究站（Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station, Mace Head）的BACCHUS野外活动中，一队rpa被部署到大气剖面，并补充地面和卫星对气溶胶、云层和气象状态参数的物理和化学特性的观测。这个五孔探测器安装在直腿和水平腿上，用来测量云层内的垂直风速。RPA的垂直速度测量结果与地面云雷达的垂直速度测量结果进行了验证，结果表明，两种测量结果均产生了模型模拟的云滴数浓度在10%以内的结果。上升气流速度分布说明了不同气象条件下垂直云场之间的明显关系。
The importance of vertical wind velocities (in particular positive vertical wind velocities or updrafts) in atmospheric science has motivated the need to deploy multi-hole probes developed for manned aircraft in small remotely piloted aircraft (RPA). In atmospheric research, lightweight RPAs ( < 2.5 kg) are now able to accurately measure atmospheric wind vectors, even in a cloud, which provides essential observing tools for understanding aerosol-cloud interactions. The European project BACCHUS (impact of Biogenic versus Anthropogenic emissions on Clouds and Climate: towards a Holistic UnderStanding) focuses on these specific interactions. In particular, vertical wind velocity at cloud base is a key parameter for studying aerosol-cloud interactions. To measure the three components of wind, a RPA is equipped with a five-hole probe, pressure sensors, and an inertial navigation system (INS). The five-hole probe is calibrated on a multi-axis platform, and the probe-INS system is validated in a wind tunnel. Once mounted on a RPA, power spectral density (PSD) functions and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) derived from the five-hole probe are compared with sonic anemometers on a meteorological mast. During a BACCHUS field campaign at Mace Head Atmospheric Research Station (Ireland), a fleet of RPAs was deployed to profile the atmosphere and complement ground-based and satellite observations of physical and chemical properties of aerosols, clouds, and meteorological state parameters. The five-hole probe was flown on straight-and-level legs to measure vertical wind velocities within clouds. The vertical velocity measurements from the RPA are validated with vertical velocities derived from a ground-based cloud radar by showing that both measurements yield model-simulated cloud droplet number concentrations within 10 %. The updraft velocity distributions illustrate distinct relationships between vertical cloud fields in different meteorological conditions.