Competition of spatial service hinterlands between high-speed rail and air transport in China: Present and future trends
Competition of spatial service hinterlands between high-speed rail and air transport in China: Present and future trends
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DOI：
10.1007/s11442-015-1224-5
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Jiaoe Wang;Jingjuan Jiao;Chao Du;Haowei Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jiaoe Wang;Jingjuan Jiao;Chao Du;Haowei Hu
高速铁路和航空运输在中国的快速发展促进了对这两种运输方式的空间效应和安全性以及它们之间的竞争的研究。本文从地理学的角度对中国高铁与航空运输竞争的影响进行了研究。采用基于地理信息系统的方法，对公路运输1小时和2小时内可到达的高铁和航空运输空间服务用地进行了调查，建立了高铁和航空运输重叠服务用地。同时拥有高铁车站和机场的城市，或者通过公路运输在一定旅行时间内可到达高铁车站和机场的城市，被定义为重叠市场。在此基础上，研究了当前和未来高铁与航空运输竞争的空间效应，并分析了高铁网络和机场的空间效应。结果表明，高铁和航空运输都倾向于服务于人口密度高、经济发达的地区，2012年，中国大部分人口和GDP都可以在两小时内通过公路运输到达高铁车站或机场。高速铁路与航空运输不同的技术经济特点决定了其优势市场。从空间上看，高铁的服务腹地主要集中在东中部地区的城市群和经济走廊，而航空运输在交通不便的西部地区具有竞争优势。未来高速铁路与航空运输的重叠市场将越来越大，人口超过百万的城市和距离机场和高速铁路车站30公里以内的城市将成为主要的竞争市场。考虑到建设成本和经济运行所需的旅客数量，以及与航空运输的竞争，建议取消或减缓西部地区部分高铁项目的建设。
The rapid development of high-speed rail (HSR) and air transport in China has encouraged research on the spatial effects and safety of these two modes of transport, and on the competition between them. We report here an investigation of the effects of competition between HSR and air transport in China from a geographical perspective. The spatial service hinterlands for HSR and air transport accessible within one and two hours by road transport were investigated using a method based on a geographical information system and the overlapping service hinterlands of HSR and air transport were established. A city with both HSR stations and airports, or that was accessible to HSR stations and airports within a certain travel time by road transport, was defined as the overlapping market. The spatial effects of competition between HSR and air transport at present and in the future were then studied with respect to the planned HSR network and airports. The results showed that both HSR and air transport tend to serve areas with high population densities and well-developed economies and in 2012 most of the population and GDP in China were accessible within two hours by road transport to an HSR station or airport. The different technical and economic characteristics of HSR and air transport determine the advantage markets. Spatially, the service hinterland of HSR mainly focuses on urban agglomerations and economic corridors in the eastern and central regions, whereas air transport has a competitive advantage in the more inaccessible western region of China. The overlapping market of HSR and air transport will become increasingly large in the future and cities with a population of over one million and cities within 30 km to both airports and HSR stations will become the major competitive markets. Considering the cost of construction and the number of passengers required for economic operation, as well as the competition with air transport, it is suggested that the construction of some HSR projects in the western region of China should be canceled or slowed down.