Biological approaches to global environment change mitigation and remediation.
Biological approaches to global environment change mitigation and remediation.
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全球环境变化减缓和修复的生物方法。
DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.012
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Woodward FI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Woodward FI
全球公认的最紧迫挑战之一是如何减轻温室气体特别是二氧化碳排放量增加所带来的全球环境变化的影响。在这篇综述中，我们评估了四种生物方法对减缓全球环境变化的潜在贡献：通过土壤碳封存和植树造林降低大气CO2浓度;通过增加作物的光合作用降低全球表面温度的预计上升;以及通过增加海洋的初级生产力和CO2下降。我们的结论是，这些生物方法都不是能够逆转温室气体排放增加所带来的环境变化的“灵丹妙药”。然而，增加作物的生物量和土壤固碳可能有助于区域范围的缓解。在缺乏具有法律约束力的国际协议，以减少CO2排放量，我们建议：加大努力，以确定新的生物缓解战略，进行进一步的研究，以尽量减少目前在所有四个生物方法描述的不确定性，并进行试点水平的实地工作，以检查最有前途的战略的可行性。最后，必须让公众参与减轻气候变化影响的战略，因为大多数生物方法对生态系统服务和土地使用都有影响，很可能是负面的。
One of the most pressing and globally recognized challenges is how to mitigate the effects of global environment change brought about by increasing emissions of greenhouse gases, especially CO2. In this review we evaluate the potential contribution of four biological approaches to mitigating global environment change: reducing atmospheric CO2concentrations through soil carbon sequestration and afforestation; reducing predicted increases in global surface temperatures through increasing the albedo of crop plants; and fertilizing the oceans to increase primary productivity and CO2drawdown. We conclude that none of these biological approaches are ‘magic bullets' capable of reversing environmental changes brought about by increasing emissions of greenhouse gases. However, it is possible that increasing crop albedo and soil carbon sequestration might contribute towards mitigation on a regional scale. In the absence of legally binding international agreements to reduce CO2emissions, we propose that: increased efforts are made to identify novel biological mitigatory strategies; further research is conducted to minimise the uncertainties present in all four of the biological approaches described; and pilot-level field work is conducted to examine the feasibility of the most promising strategies. Finally, it is essential to engage with the public concerning strategies for mitigating the effects of climate change because the majority of the biological approaches have effects, quite possibly of a negative nature, on ecosystem services and land usage.