The Chernobyl accident, congenital anomalies and other reproductive outcomes.
The Chernobyl accident, congenital anomalies and other reproductive outcomes.
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3016.1993.tb00388.x
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发表时间：
1993-04-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Little, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Little, J
审查了1986年4月切尔诺贝利事故与生殖结果之间关系的研究，特别是关于先天性异常的研究。到目前为止，所有的研究都是基于对频率随时间变化的检测。1987年1月前西柏林21三体的发病率增加，以及土耳其几家小型医院的神经管缺陷发生率增加，在欧洲更大更有代表性的系列中未得到证实。在白俄罗斯或乌克兰这两个受放射性尘降物影响最大的共和国，出生时可能与事故有关的异常发生率没有明显变化。然而，这些数据很难解释，因为没有描述获取方法，也没有全面报告。因此，没有一致的证据表明切尔诺贝利事故对先天畸形有有害的身体影响。怀孕的其他测量结果也是如此。有间接影响的证据——由于焦虑的产生，人工流产的增加足以显示出总出生率的减少。没有关于事故发生时从30公里直接污染区疏散的怀孕妇女、事故发生时在工厂工作的工人或净化工人的生殖结果的数据。此外，离切尔诺贝利地区最近的其他几个国家也没有数据。
Studies of the association between the Chernobyl accident in April 1986 and reproductive outcome, with particular reference to congenital anomalies, are reviewed. All of the studies so far have been based on the detection of a change in frequency over time. An increased frequency of trisomy 21 in the former West Berlin in January 1987, and increases in the frequency of neural tube defects in several small hospital-based series in Turkey, are not confirmed in larger and more representative series in Europe. No clear changes in the prevalence at birth of anomalies which might be associated with the accident are apparent in Byelorussia or the Ukraine, the republics with the highest exposure to fallout. However, these data are difficult to interpret as the methods of acquisition have not been described and they have not yet been reported in full. Thus, there is no consistent evidence of a detrimental physical effect of the Chernobyl accident on congenital anomalies. This is also the case for other measured outcomes of pregnancy. There is evidence of indirect effects--an increase in induced abortions substantial enough to show as a reduction in total births, due to anxieties created. Data are not available on the reproductive outcomes of women pregnant at the time of the accident who were evacuated from the 30 km zone of immediate contamination, of workers in the plant at the time of the accident or of decontamination workers. Moreover, no data are available from several of the other countries closest to the Chernobyl area.