Preliminary studies in the genus Daldinia
Preliminary studies in the genus Daldinia
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DOI：
10.2307/2394013
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发表时间：
1929-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
CHILD, MARION
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
CHILD, MARION
在纯培养条件下，比较研究了影响同心圆草子囊孢子萌发和菌丝发育的因素，并与未命名种Daldinia X和Daldinia Y进行了比较。多数情况下子囊孢子超过1年。老的不能发芽，要么是因为年龄的原因，要么是熏蒸剂处理的结果。在确定0的影响的实验中，使用了3种来源：侧耳球菌的光合作用产生的O、H_2O_2和压缩O。无论是冷冻的还是未冷冻的，D的子囊孢子都能被第一个和最后一个来源的O刺激萌发，但在没有人工供应O的情况下，D的子囊孢子萌发似乎更好。在这两种植物中，当萌发发生时，萌发管的生长似乎被刺激。黄花丹参子囊孢子对O处理不敏感。在1-10%的胃蛋白酶溶液中不能萌发同心粉菌和粉锈菌的子囊孢子。紫外光(578~289亩)对同心杜鹃冷冻和未冷冻子囊孢子萌发有促进作用。金莲子囊孢子的最大萌发率(4%)是由未经射线照射但被冷冻的子囊孢子获得的；阴雨稍微有利于未冷冻的子囊孢子萌发。冷藏和解冻的Daldinia X子囊孢子受到降雨的不利影响。金莲子囊孢子和黄花丹参子囊孢子冷冻3mo。在[长冲刺]5[度]℃刺激促进萌发，而同心草则产生相反的效果。接种前短时间高温处理能显著促进金莲子囊孢子萌发，但萌发率随温度升高而降低。增加，即使在100摄氏度也比对照获得了更多的萌发。同样处理同心圆环菌的子囊孢子，发芽率下降。在这两种情况下，90摄氏度的短时间暴露似乎与较低的温度具有大致相同的效果。(70-75摄氏度)。子囊孢子在38℃下保存24小时，不能萌发或萌发较差，但在25℃下，子囊孢子部分质壁分离后恢复或发芽率增加。在麦芽糖溶液中，月龄和L年龄子囊孢子在10%浓度下萌发率最高，0.05%-0.06%浓度下萌发率最低。一年生子囊孢子在3%麦芽糖溶液中的最大萌发率为17.3%，一个月龄的子囊孢子在10%麦芽糖溶液中的最大萌发率为4%。黄花丹参子囊孢子X2个月。OLD在任何浓度下都没有萌发。48小时后。结果表明，在pH 5.6的条件下，金莲子囊孢子萌发率为70%，最低萌发率为23%，最适pH范围为45~6.0。分生孢子在10种不同的氢离子浓度下萌发，而粉锈菌的分生孢子萌发率仅为5。最高萌发率为17%，最高萌发率为17%，最低萌发率为4%，最适pH为2.4，最适pH值为45~6.4。由于光照和黑暗对菌丝生长的影响，燕麦琼脂比Pfeffer琼脂具有更丰富的生长。在这两种情况下，黑暗比光照更有利于空中快速而丰富的生长。同心花在黑暗中只有轻微的颜色变化，而在光照下则有明显的变化。黄花蛇舌草和黄花丹参菌丝均出现红色分泌物，其纯培养菌丝体十分相似。Pfeffer‘s琼脂最有利于发芽和快速生长，但燕麦琼脂诱导的菌丝体更丰富。32[℃]是最适温度。对于华山虎和黄花丹，23[℃]℃对黄花丹最好。在富含碳水化合物的培养基上分生孢子较多。无论是分区还是分生孢子的存在都不依赖于光照的差异。在pH为6.2~6.6的范围内，同心圆环菌菌丝体生长最丰富，生长最快(3.5 mm。每天)发生在pH 6.6时。在pH值为5.4、5.8和62的范围内，金针菇菌丝体生长最丰富，但生长速度最快(7.11 mm)。每天)发生在pH为5.0时。Daldinia X菌丝体最丰富的生长范围是pH 6.6-7.4，生长速度最快(6.2 mm)。每天)发生在pH为5.4时。虽然Daldinia X的子囊和子囊孢子非常类似于D.vernicosa，但它在纯培养条件下的行为，就菌丝和分生孢子而言，与D.concirica非常相似。这些实验表明，真菌的生理反应与其形态特征有关。||摘要作者：摘自作者摘要
Factors influencing the germination of ascospores and the development of mycelium of D. concentrica, D. vernicosa, and 2 unnamed spp., Daldinia X and Daldinia Y, were studied comparatively in pure culture. In most cases ascospores over 1 yr. old failed to germinate either because of age or as a result of treatment with fumigants. In experiments devised to determine the effects of 0, 3 sources were used: O produced by the photosynthetic process of Pleurococcus; H2O2; and compressed O. Germination of ascospores of D. concentrica, both frozen and unfrozen, was stimulated by 0 from the first and last source, but those of D. vernicosa appeared to germinate better in the absence of 0 artificially supplied. In both spp., when germination occurred, growth of the germ-tubes appeared to be stimulated. Ascospores of Daldinia X were indifferent to the O treatment. Ascospores of D. concentrica and of D. vernicosa failed to germinate in .1-10% pepsin solutions. Ultra-violet rays (578-289 mu) stimulated germination of both frozen and unfrozen ascospores of D. concentrica. Maximum germination of D. vernicosa (4%) was secured from unrayed but frozen ascospores; raying slightly favored germination of unfrozen ascospores. Frozen and unfrozen ascospores of Daldinia X were adversely affected by raying. Ascospores of D. vernicosa and Daldinia X frozen for 3 mo. at[long dash]5[degree] C. were stimulated to increased germination; with D. concentrica, the opposite effect resulted. Ascospore germination of D. vernicosa was markedly stimulated by short exposures to high temp, previous to inoculation; although the % of germination decreased as the temp. increased, even at 100[degree] C. more germination was obtained than in the controls. Similar treatment of ascospores of D. concentrica resulted in a decrease in germination. In both spp., short exposures at 90[degree] C. seem to have about the same effect as lower temp. (70-75[degree] C). Ascospores of D. concentrica, kept at 38[degree] C. for 24 hrs., failed to germinate, or germinated poorly; but when changed to 25[degree] C. they recovered from partial plasmolysis or increased in percentage of germination. In maltose solutions the maximum germination of month-old and of l-yr.-old ascospores of D. concentrica was obtained in 10% concentration, the minimum in .05-.06%. Year-old ascospores of D. vernicosa gave a maximum germination of 17.3% (in a 3% maltose solution); month-old ascospores gave 4% germination in 10% solution. Ascospores of Daldinia X 2 mo. old did not germinate in any of the concentrations. After 48 hrs. on a medium of pH 5.6, ascospores of D. concentrica gave 70% germination and a minimum of 23% at pH 2.4; the optimum range was pH 45-6.0. Conidia occurred at 10 different hydrogen ion concentrations, while in D. vernicosa they occurred at only 5. Maximum germination, 17%, occurred at pH 4.8; minimum, 4%, at pH 2.4; the optimum occurred between pH 45 and 6.4. For the effect of light and darkness on growth of mycelium, oatmeal agar gave more abundant growth than Pfeffer agar. In both cases, darkness was more conducive than light to rapid and abundant aerial growth. Only slight color changes of D. concentrica occurred in darkness, while in the light decided changes were noted. A red secretion appeared both in D. vernicosa and Daldinia Y, of which the mycelia closely resemble each other in pure culture. Pfeffer's agar was the best for germination and for rapid growth of D. concentrica, D. vernicosa, and Daldinia Y, but oatmeal agar induced much more abundant mycelium. 32[degree] C. was the most favorable temp. for D. vernicosa and Daldinia Y, while 23[degree] C. was best for D. concentrica. More conidia were found on media rich in carbohydrates. Neither zoning nor the presence of conidia was dependent on differences of exposure to light. The pH range 6.2-6.6 produced the most abundant growth of mycelium of D. concentrica; the most rapid growth (3.5 mm. per day) occurred at pH 6.6. The most abundant growth of mycelium of D. vernicosa occurred in the range of pH 5.4, 5.8, and 62, but the fastest rate of growth (7.11 mm. per day) occurred at pH 5.0. The range of most abundant growth of mycelium of Daldinia X was pH 6.6-7.4; the most rapid rate (6.2 mm. per day) occurred at pH 5.4. Although the ascocarp and ascospores of Daldinia X closely resemble those of D. vernicosa, its behavior in pure culture, as regards mycelium and conidia, is very similar to that of D. concentrica. These experiments indicate that the physiological reactions of fungi are correlated with their morphological characters. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: From author's summary