EFFECTS OF PREHARVEST DEFICIT IRRIGATION TREATMENTS IN COMBINATION WITH REDUCED NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON ORCHARD PERFORMANCE OF NECTARINE WITH EMPHASIS ON POSTHARVEST DISEASES AND PRUNING WEIGHTS
EFFECTS OF PREHARVEST DEFICIT IRRIGATION TREATMENTS IN COMBINATION WITH REDUCED NITROGEN FERTILIZATION ON ORCHARD PERFORMANCE OF NECTARINE WITH EMPHASIS ON POSTHARVEST DISEASES AND PRUNING WEIGHTS
复制标题
采前赤字灌溉处理结合减少氮肥对油桃果园性能的影响，重点是采后病害和修剪重量
DOI：
10.24326/asphc.2019.1.21
复制
发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Lauri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
E. Atay;Bruno Hucbourg;A. Drevet;P. Lauri
水果生产应适应经常与稀缺资源，特别是淡水和化肥有关的未来情景。新的基于生物的水果生产策略，即考虑到树木的生长和水分状况，需要优化非生物胁迫条件下的灌溉和施肥。据推测，适度的非生物胁迫，在这里赤字灌溉或不缺氮，在收获前的时期，可以减少采后损失，由于疾病和修剪重量，由于减少营养生长，而不牺牲产量和果实品质。这项研究进行了两年多来使用相同的树木的Moncante油桃品种在商业果园。试验设3个处理：（1）充分灌溉，作物蒸散量（ETc）为80%;（2）亏缺灌溉，作物蒸散量为充分灌溉的75%;（3）亏缺灌溉和氮素亏缺，作物蒸散量为充分灌溉的75%，氮素亏缺量为正常施氮量的75%。亏缺灌溉单独和结合赤字氮减少采后病害和修剪重量没有显着的产量损失。我们的研究结果表明，ETC为基础的方法，减少水灌溉可能是一种可持续的方式，以减少植物检疫的投入和工作量在果园，同时保持果园的性能。
Fruit production should be adapted to future scenarios that are frequently associated with scarce resources, especially freshwater and fertilizers. New biologically-based fruit production strategies, i.e. taking into account tree growth and water status, are required to optimize irrigation and fertilization under abiotic stress conditions. It was hypothesized that a moderate abiotic stress, here deficit irrigation with or without nitrogen deficit, in the preharvest period, could decrease postharvest losses due to diseases and pruning weights due to reduced vegetative growth, without sacrificing the yield and fruit quality. This study was conducted over two years using the same trees of ‘Moncante’ nectarine cultivar grown in a commercial orchard. Trees were assigned to three treatments: (1) full irrigation at 80% estimated crop evapotranspiration (ETc), (2) deficit irrigation, i.e. at 75% of full irrigation, and (3) deficit irrigation and deficit nitrogen, i.e. at 75% of full irrigation and 75% of usual N-fertilization adopted by the grower in this commercial orchard. Deficit irrigation alone and in combination with deficit nitrogen reduced postharvest diseases and pruning weights without significant yield losses. Our results suggest that ETc-based approaches of reduced water irrigation may be a sustainable way to decrease phytosanitary inputs and workload in the orchard while maintaining the orchard performance.