Do 5- and 6-Year-Old Children Attempt to Appear Fair to Others?
Do 5- and 6-Year-Old Children Attempt to Appear Fair to Others?
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DOI：
10.1080/00221325.2020.1738321
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发表时间：
2020-03
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hajimu Hayashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hajimu Hayashi
儿童在5 ~ 6岁时开始喜欢公平分配。但是他们真的想公平吗，或者他们想对别人公平吗？在三种情况下，实验者首先将巧克力分发给5- 6岁的参与者和他们配对的伙伴。当实验人员短暂离开后回来时，参与者总是通过某种方式拥有两块巧克力，他们必须决定是否为自己多拿一块。为了衡量孩子们对实际公平和表面公平的关注程度，他们创造了两种条件，让孩子们相信实验者不知道分布已经变得平等。在意外之财条件下，一个同谋者给了参与者一个额外的巧克力，而在伙伴条件下，伙伴转移了一个巧克力给参与者。与控制条件相比，在这两种条件下通过错误信念任务的参与者试图在分配中表现出公平。因此，5- 6岁的孩子似乎更喜欢对他人表现公平，无论情况如何。
Abstract Children come to prefer fair distributions at the age of 5 to 6 years. But do they actually want to be fair, or do they want to appear fair to others? In three conditions, an experimenter initially distributed chocolates to 5-/6-year-old participants and partners they were paired with. Participants always possessed, through some means, two chocolates when the experimenter returned after a brief absence, and they had to decide whether to take an extra one for themselves. To measure the extent to which children were concerned with actually being fair versus appearing fair, two conditions were created in which children were led to believe that the experimenter did not know that the distributions had become equal. In the windfall condition, a confederate gave one additional chocolate to the participant, and in the partner condition, the partner transferred one chocolate to the participant. Compared to the control condition, participants who passed the false belief task in both of these conditions tried to appear fair in their distribution. Thus 5-/6-year-old children seem to prefer appearing fair to others regardless of the situation.