HOW MUCH PROCESSING DO NONATTENDED STIMULI RECEIVE - APPARENTLY VERY LITTLE, BUT
HOW MUCH PROCESSING DO NONATTENDED STIMULI RECEIVE - APPARENTLY VERY LITTLE, BUT
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03208181
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发表时间：
1990-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
FOURNIER, LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ERIKSEN, CW;WEBB, JM;FOURNIER, LR
用一种新的方法研究了注意模型中的早、晚选择问题。通过线索或precues，注意力被引导到一个位置的多刺激视觉显示，而注意力是如此从事，位于不同位置的刺激在显示器的身份被改变。通过改变显示开始后刺激改变前的时间，我们控制了原始刺激在视网膜上呈现的预览时间。然后，使用标记提示，我们将受试者的注意力引导到改变的刺激的位置。受试者的反应是在两个可能的目标字母之间进行定时区分。主要的数据是预览时间对被试识别出现在改变位置的新目标的潜伏期的影响。我们发现，预览时间的原始刺激，RT之前受到影响的新的目标，取决于原始刺激是否是一个中性（噪音）的信，或者它是否是替代目标。当原始刺激是一个噪音信，RTs的新目标是一样快的控制条件下，其中目标是存在于整个预览间隔，并没有改变其身份。在预览时间为83毫秒时，原始刺激是改变为替代目标的目标之一，获得显着的影响RT。预览时间也随着预调而变化。当第一提示出现在显示开始之前50毫秒时，预览时间相应地缩短，从而提供额外的50毫秒用于将注意力引导到第一显示位置。这些结果被解释为人类两个独立的信息处理系统：自动系统和注意系统。即使一个刺激可能已经被自动处理，当注意力系统被引导到那个刺激时，处理又重新开始。
The early versus late selection issue in attention models were examined by means of a new methodology. Through cues or precues, attention was directed to one location of a multistimulus visual display and, while attention was so engaged, the identity of a stimulus located at a different position in the display was changed. By varying the time after display onset before the stimulus was changed, we controlled the preview time that the original stimulus was represented on the retina. Then, using a marker cue, we directed the subject''s attention to the location of the changed stimulus. The subject''s response was a timed discrimination between two possible target letters. The data of main interest was the effect of preview time upon the subject''s latency in identifying the new target that appeared in the changed location. We found that the preview time of the original stimulus, before RT was affected to the new target, depended upon whether the original stimulus was a neutral (noise) letter or whether it was the alternative target. When the original stimulus was a noise letter, RTs to the new target were just as fast as those obtained in the control condition in which the target was present throughout the preview interval and did not change its identity. Significant effects upon RT were obtained at preview times of 83 msec when the original stimulus was one of the targets that changed to the alternative target. Preview times also varied as a function of precuing. Preview times were correspondingly shortened when the first cue occurred 50 msec before display onset, thus providing an extra 50 msec for attention to be directed to the first display location. The results were interpreted in terms of two separate information processing systems in the human: an automatic system and an attentional system. Even though a stimulus may have been automatically processed, when the attention system is directed to that stimulus, processing starts at the beginning again.