Photography : a means of surveillance ? Judicial photography, 1850 to 1900
Photography : a means of surveillance ? Judicial photography, 1850 to 1900
复制标题
摄影：监视手段？
DOI：
10.4000/chs.1056
复制
发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jens Jäger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jens Jäger
警察摄影的历史通常被认为开始19世纪50年代，当时拍摄了第一张囚犯肖像。医学，人类学和司法摄影之间的密切关系是假设。对监狱和警察局的摄影实践的调查表明，关于摄影的一般性讨论对摄影在刑事机构中的应用更为重要。19世纪70年代，当刑警开始系统地使用照片时，它更多的是为了显示效率，而不是作为一种真实的侦查手段。经过几年的收集，这些收藏品变得笨重和难以管理。Alphonse Bertillon的创新解决了这个问题，后来他将一种专门的“司法风格”的摄影引入了警察。尽管如此，照片在代表科学警务方面比在发现“罪犯”方面更重要。
The history of police photography is commonly believed to begin in the 1850s when the first portraits of prisoners were taken. A close relationship between medical, anthropological and judicial photography is assumed. The investigation of the photographic practices in the prison and at the police reveals that the general discourse on photography was far more important for the application of photography in penal institutions. When the criminal police began to use photographs systematically in the 1870s it was more to display effectiveness than a real means of detection. After some years of collecting, the collections became cumbersome and unmanageable. Alphonse Bertillon's innovations solved this problem and later he introduced a specialised « judicial style » of photography into the police. Still, photographs were more important in representing scientific policing than in detecting « criminals ».