Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution
Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution
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发表时间：
1999
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通讯作者：
P. Hawken;A. Lovins;L. Lovins
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作者：
P. Hawken;A. Lovins;L. Lovins
以前的工业革命使人们的生产力提高了100倍，当时人均输出限制了当今看似无限的自然世界的进步指地球的自然资源和为社会提供重要的生命服务的生态系统，这些服务具有巨大的经济价值。考虑到这些资产的价值 - 结果是由于其浪费而降低了自然资本，并通过浪费的资源（例如能源，材料，水，纤维和上层土壤）进行了清算像以前的工业革命一样，它将对变化的模式进行反应自然资本主义涉及业务实践的四个重大转变，所有这些都与众不同：•通过生产设计和技术的根本变化，从根本上提高了自然资源的生产率，远视公司正在开发方法来制造自然资源，例如能源，矿产，水，水森林 - 5、10，甚至比今天的100倍寻求不仅减少浪费，而且要消除以自然设计为仿制的闭环生产系统中的浪费，每个输出都以堆肥为单位无害地归还生态系统模仿自然化学的工业过程会降低对非可再生投入的依赖，使可能的生产更加有效，并可能导致典型的简单产品，以使任何人类危险•移至“服务和流动”。业务模型。以资源生产力奖励他们的方式。
Previous industrial revolutions made people 100 times more productive when low per-capita output was limiting progress in exploiting a seemingly boundless natural world. Today we face a different pattern of scarcity: abundant people and labor-saving machines, but diminishing natural capital. Natural capital refers to the earth’s natural resources and the ecological systems that provide vital life-support services to society and all living things. These services are of immense economic value; some are literally priceless, since they have no known substitutes. Yet current business practices typically fail to take into account the value of these assets—which is rising with their scarcity. As a result, natural capital is being degraded and liquidated by the very wasteful use of resources such as energy, materials, water, fiber, and topsoil. The next industrial revolution, like the previous ones, will be a response to changing patterns of scarcity. It will create upheaval, but more importantly, it will create opportunities. Natural capitalism is a new business model that enables companies to fully realize these opportunities. The journey to natural capitalism involves four major shifts in business practices, all vitally interlinked: • Radically increase the productivity of natural resources. Through fundamental changes in both production design and technology, farsighted companies are developing ways to make natural resources—energy, minerals, water, forests—stretch 5, 10, even 100 times further than they do today. The resulting savings in operational costs, capital investment, and time can help natural capitalists implement the other three principles. • Shift to biologically inspired production models and materials. Natural capitalism seeks not merely to reduce waste but to eliminate the very concept of waste. In closed-loop production systems, modeled on nature’s designs, every output either is returned harmlessly to the ecosystem as a nutrient, like compost, or becomes an input for another manufacturing process. Industrial processes that emulate the benign chemistry of nature reduce dependence on nonrenewable inputs, make possible often phenomenally more efficient production, and can result in elegantly simple products that rival anything man-made. • Move to a “service-and-flow” business model. The business model of traditional manufacturing rests on the sale of goods. In the new model, value is instead delivered as a continuous flow of services—such as providing illumination rather than selling light bulbs. This aligns the interests of providers and customers in ways that reward them for resource productivity. • Reinvest in natural capital. Capital begets more capital; a company that depletes its own capital is eroding the basis Synopsis