Users' guides to the medical literature XXIII. Qualitative research in health care A. Are the results of the study valid?
Users' guides to the medical literature XXIII. Qualitative research in health care A. Are the results of the study valid?
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DOI：
10.1001/jama.284.3.357
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发表时间：
2000-07-19
影响因子：
120.7
通讯作者：
Cook, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giacomini, MK;Cook, DJ
定量研究的目的是检验明确的假设，确定干预措施是否弊大于利，并找出一个风险因素使人们容易患病的程度。同样重要的是，定性研究提供了对医疗保健中情感和经验现象的洞察，以确定什么，如何以及为什么。定性分析有四个基本方面。首先，参与者的选择必须合理，他们的入选必须与研究问题相关。其次，数据收集方法必须适合研究目标和设置。第三，包括实地观察、访谈和文件分析在内的数据收集过程必须足够全面，以支持对所观察到的事件进行丰富和可靠的描述。第四，必须对数据进行适当的分析，并通过使用多个信息来源，由一名以上的调查员收集和分析原始数据，成员检查以确定参与者的观点是否得到充分解释，或与现有的社会科学理论进行比较，充分证实调查结果。当对研究的洞察力还没有很好地建立或传统理论似乎不充分时，定性研究提供了一种替代方法。
Quantitative research is designed to test well-specified hypotheses, determine whether an intervention did more harm than good, and find out how much a risk factor predisposes persons to disease. Equally important, qualitative research offers insight into emotional and experiential phenomena in health care to determine what, how, and why. There are 4 essential aspects of qualitative analysis. First, the participant selection must be well reasoned and their inclusion must be relevant to the research question. Second, the data collection methods must be appropriate for the research objectives and setting. Third, the data collection process, which includes field observation, interviews, and document analysis, must be comprehensive enough to support rich and robust descriptions of the observed events. Fourth, the data must be appropriately analyzed and the findings adequately corroborated by using multiple sources of information, more than 1 investigator to collect and analyze the raw data, member checking to establish whether the participants' viewpoints were adequately interpreted, or by comparison with existing social science theories. Qualitative studies offer an alternative when insight into the research is not well established or when conventional theories seem inadequate.