Factors Influencing Equine Gut Microbiota: Current Knowledge.
Factors Influencing Equine Gut Microbiota: Current Knowledge.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jevs.2020.102943
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发表时间：
2020-05-01
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
Murray, Jo-Anne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Garber, Anna;Hastie, Peter;Murray, Jo-Anne
胃肠道微生物群在营养消化、维持动物健康和福利方面起着至关重要的作用。各种因素可能会影响微生物平衡，经常导致干扰，可能导致衰弱的条件，如绞痛和蹄叶炎。下一代测序技术和生物信息学的发明为影响马肠道微生物群的因素的影响提供了有价值的信息。这些因素包括营养和管理（例如，饮食、补充剂、锻炼），医疗物质（例如，抗微生物剂、驱虫剂、麻醉剂）、动物相关因素（品种和年龄）、各种病理状况（结肠炎、腹泻、绞痛、蹄叶炎、马胃溃疡综合征）以及应激相关因素（运输和断奶）。本文综述了马肠道菌群的研究现状，重点介绍了影响马肠道菌群的因素。微生物多样性和丰富度的减少导致稳定性降低;毛螺菌科和瘤胃球菌科家族成员的减少，这有助于肠道内稳态;乳酸杆菌和链球菌的增加;乳酸利用细菌的减少;具有抗炎特性的丁酸盐产生细菌的减少都可以被认为是马肠道微生物群的负面变化。在文献中经常观察到厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门对某些治疗的反应或描述健康和不健康动物时的变化;然而，这些变化是不一致的。现在是时候向前迈进，利用现在获得的知识开始操纵马的微生物群了。
Gastrointestinal microbiota play a crucial role in nutrient digestion, maintaining animal health and welfare. Various factors may affect microbial balance often leading to disturbances that may result in debilitating conditions such as colic and laminitis. The invention of next-generation sequencing technologies and bioinformatics has provided valuable information on the effects of factors influencing equine gut microbiota. Among those factors are nutrition and management (e.g., diet, supplements, exercise), medical substances (e.g., antimicrobials, anthelmintics, anesthetics), animal-related factors (breed and age), various pathological conditions (colitis, diarrhea, colic, laminitis, equine gastric ulcer syndrome), as well as stress-related factors (transportation and weaning). The aim of this review is to assimilate current knowledge on equine microbiome studies, focusing on the effect of factors influencing equine gastrointestinal microbiota. Decrease in microbial diversity and richness leading to decrease in stability; decrease in Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae family members, which contribute to gut homeostasis; increase in Lactobacillus and Streptococcus; decrease in lactic acid utilizing bacteria; decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria that have anti-inflammatory properties may all be considered as a negative change in equine gut microbiota. Shifts in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes have often been observed in the literature in response to certain treatments or when describing healthy and unhealthy animals; however, these shifts are inconsistent. It is time to move forward and use the knowledge now acquired to start manipulating the microbiota of horses.