The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health.
The impact of diet and lifestyle on gut microbiota and human health.
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DOI：
10.3390/nu7010017
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发表时间：
2014-12-24
期刊：
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Bird AR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conlon MA;Bird AR
人们越来越认识到饮食和其他环境因素在调节人类肠道微生物区系的组成和代谢活动中的作用，这反过来又会影响健康。这篇叙述性的综述探索了相关的当代科学文献，以提供这一广泛领域的一般视角。分子技术极大地促进了我们对个体内部和个体之间肠道微生物群落的复杂性和多样性的理解。饮食，特别是大量营养素，在塑造这些复杂人群的组成和活动方面发挥着重要作用。尽管关于碳水化合物的影响已经有了大量的知识，但仍然有许多问题没有得到解答。膳食脂肪和蛋白质对肠道微生物区系的影响还不是很清楚。短期和长期的饮食变化都会影响微生物谱，婴儿营养可能通过微生物对免疫系统的调节而产生终生后果。环境因素，包括生活方式的方方面面，对微生物区系的影响知之甚少，但其中一些因素已被描述。我们还讨论了益生菌和益生菌用于修饰微生物种群的用途和潜在的好处。对未来研究中需要解决的一些领域也进行了描述。
There is growing recognition of the role of diet and other environmental factors in modulating the composition and metabolic activity of the human gut microbiota, which in turn can impact health. This narrative review explores the relevant contemporary scientific literature to provide a general perspective of this broad area. Molecular technologies have greatly advanced our understanding of the complexity and diversity of the gut microbial communities within and between individuals. Diet, particularly macronutrients, has a major role in shaping the composition and activity of these complex populations. Despite the body of knowledge that exists on the effects of carbohydrates there are still many unanswered questions. The impacts of dietary fats and protein on the gut microbiota are less well defined. Both short- and long-term dietary change can influence the microbial profiles, and infant nutrition may have life-long consequences through microbial modulation of the immune system. The impact of environmental factors, including aspects of lifestyle, on the microbiota is particularly poorly understood but some of these factors are described. We also discuss the use and potential benefits of prebiotics and probiotics to modify microbial populations. A description of some areas that should be addressed in future research is also presented.