Contemporary Models of Youth Development and Problem Prevention: Toward an Integration of Terms, Concepts, and Models.
Contemporary Models of Youth Development and Problem Prevention: Toward an Integration of Terms, Concepts, and Models.
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青年发展和问题预防的当代模式：术语、概念和模型的整合。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Memmo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Small;M. Memmo
在过去几年里，人们对预防青年问题和促进青年健康发展的兴趣与日俱增，导致青年和家庭从业人员、政策制定者和研究人员在各种理论框架的基础上制定了广泛的方法。尽管指导框架的发展带来了更复杂的模型和学者和从业人员可供选择的更多多样性，但由于缺乏综合的概念方案和一致的术语，这一领域出现了一些混乱。在这里，我们概述了青年发展和问题预防的三种方法，批判性地检查了它们的优点和缺点，并提供了一些详细说明，以帮助澄清、扩展和整合这些模式。最后，我们讨论了对研究人员、从业者和政策制定者的一些一般性影响。近年来，解决青年问题和促进青年发展的努力的基础越来越广泛，家庭、专业人员和社区领导人代表了广泛的专业和群体。鉴于家庭专业人员对青年福祉的关注以及家庭在青春期发挥的重要作用，他们很可能是这些倡议中的关键参与者。与这一趋势相平行的是，用来指导旨在预防青年问题和促进发展的政策和方案的概念框架的增长，这一趋势朝着基础广泛的社区方法发展。尽管这一增长导致了更复杂的模型和学者和从业人员可供选择的更多多样性，但缺乏综合的概念方案和一致的术语在该领域造成了混乱。这些问题不仅是青年发展领域或青春期所特有的，而且与对人生其他阶段感兴趣的家庭学者也是密切相关的。在本文中，我们将简要回顾这些方法中最重要的几种，研究它们的起源，并强调我们认为它们的主要优点和缺点。然后，我们讨论如何更好地集成和扩展这些方法。我们最后考虑了一些对理论和实践的影响。当代青年发展和问题预防模式一般可分为以下三种类型：预防、复原力和积极的青年发展。虽然每一种方法都对我们理解应对、发展和人类适应做出了独特的贡献，但它们也有几个关键特征和共同的愿景，旨在改善年轻人的生活机会。不幸的是，这一领域的文献未能在用来指定它们共同的某些基本概念的术语上提供一致性，特别是在有关风险和保护、资产或资源以及确定成功结果的术语方面。因此，我们首先简要讨论一下术语，以便更清楚地理解我们对这些术语的使用。
Over the past several years, increased interest in preventing youth problems and promoting healthy youth development has led youth and family practitioners, policy makers, and researchers to develop a wide range of approaches based on various theoretical frameworks. Although the growth in guiding frameworks has led to more complex models and a greater diversity in the options available to scholars and practitioners, the lack of an integrative conceptual scheme and consistent terminology has led to some confusion in the field. Here, we provide an overview of three approaches to youth development and problem prevention, critically examine their strengths and weaknesses, and offer some elaborations to help clarify, extend, and integrate the models. We conclude by discussing some general implications for researchers, practitioners, and policy makers. I n recent years, efforts to address youth problems and enhance youth development have become increasingly more broad-based, involving families, professionals, and community leaders representing a wide range of professions and constituencies. Family professionals are likely to be key players in these initiatives, given their interest in the wellbeing of youth and the important role that families play during adolescence. Paralleling this movement toward broad-based, community approaches to youth issues has been the growth of conceptual frameworks used to guide policy and programs aimed at preventing youth problems and enhancing development. Although this growth has led to more complex models and greater diversity in options available to scholars and practitioners, the lack of an integrative conceptual scheme and consistent terminology has fostered confusion in the field. Such issues are not unique to the field of youth development or to adolescence, but also are germane to family scholars interested in other periods of the life course as well. In this article, we briefly review the most prominent of these approaches, examine their origins, and highlight what we believe are their primary strengths and weaknesses. We then discuss how these approaches can be better integrated and expanded. We end by considering some implications for both theory and practice. Contemporary models of youth development and problem prevention generally can be grouped into one of three types: prevention, resiliency, and positive youth development. Although each approach makes a unique contribution to our understanding of coping, development, and human adaptation, they also share several key features and a mutual vision directed at improving the life chances of young people. Unfortunately, the literature in this area fails to provide consistency in the terminology used to designate certain fundamental constructs common to them all, especially with respect to terms related to risk and protection, assets or resources, and the designation of successful outcomes. For this reason, we begin with a brief discussion of terminology to provide a clearer understanding of our use of these terms.