The pathophysiology of cholera.
The pathophysiology of cholera.
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发表时间：
1971-10
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通讯作者：
T. Hendrix
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作者：
T. Hendrix
SIATIC 霍乱是一种由 Axe 霍乱弧菌引起的急性、严重腹泻病。然而，与这种生物体感染相关的临床范围从无症状携带者到导致症状出现两小时内血管塌陷的暴发性疾病。病程中排出的粪便量可能相当于甚至超过患者的体重。 1964 年，在巴基斯坦达卡对 12 名连续霍乱患者进行的一项研究中，Lindenbaum 及其同事发现，腹泻的平均持续时间为 4.7 天（范围 2.7 至 6.3），住院期间排便量平均为 30.8 1.（范围 5.2 至 69.i），并且这不包括住院之前的排便量。2 在某些疫情中，未经治疗，死亡率可能为高达 6o%。3 简单地通过静脉补充液体和电解质损失即可将死亡率降低至低于 I°。1 对亚洲霍乱病理生理学的兴趣是双重的。首先，霍乱是世界上许多人口最多的欠发达地区的主要致命感染。由于在欧洲和美洲根除霍乱的公共卫生措施不太可能在流行地区发挥作用，因此更好地了解该疾病可能会导致制定实用的预防和治疗措施；此外，霍乱一直是重新检查肠道分泌物的刺激因素，自弗洛里等人4的审查以来，这种现象在很大程度上被忽视或被认为不存在。 （手册
A SIATIC cholera is an acute, severe diarrheal disease caused by the ,Ax organism Vibrio cholerae. The clinical spectrum associated with infestation with this organism ranges, however, from asymptomatic carriers to fulminant disease leading to vascular collapse within two hours of the onset of symptoms.' The volume of stool passed in the course of the illness may be equivalent to or even exceed the patient's body weight. In a study of 12 consecutive cholera patients in Dacca, Pakistan, in I964, Lindenbaum and his associates found that the average duration of diarrhea was 4.7 days (range 2.7 to 6.3) and that the stool volume passed during hospitalization averaged 30.8 1. (range 5.2 to 69.i), and this did not include stool passed prior to hospitalization.2 In some outbreaks, untreated, the mortality rate may be as high as 6o%.3 Simply replacing fluid and electrolyte losses intravenously can reduce the mortality to less than I °.1 Interest in the pathophysiology of Asiatic cholera is twofold. First, cholera is a major fatal infection in many of the world's most populous underdeveloped areas. Since the public health measures which resulted in eradication of cholera from Europe and America are unlikely to become operative in the endemic areas, better understanding of the disease may lead to the development of practical preventive and therapeutic measures; further, cholera has been a stimulus to reexamine intestinal secretion, a phenomenon that since the review of Florey et al.4 has been largely ignored or was believed not to exist. (The Handbook