Vocabulary size and Native Speaker self-identification influence flexibility in linguistic prediction among adult bilinguals.
Vocabulary size and Native Speaker self-identification influence flexibility in linguistic prediction among adult bilinguals.
复制标题
词汇量和母语者自我认同影响成人双语者语言预测的灵活性。
DOI：
10.1017/s0142716418000383
复制
发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Borovsky,Arielle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Peters,Ryan;Grüter,Theres;Borovsky,Arielle
当语言使用者预测即将到来的演讲时，他们产生了按可能性加权的多元预期(Kuperberg&Jaeger，2016)。许多变量影响对极有可能的句子结果的预测，但对影响较不可能的结果的预测的变量知之甚少。在两个视觉实验中，我们探讨了英语词汇量和作为英语母语者(NS)的自我认同如何调节成年双语/多语者对不太可能的句子结果的预激活。参与者听到了包含代理人、动作和主题(海盗追逐船只)的及物句，同时观看了四个与代理人和动作相关的预期不同的参照物。在实验1(N=70)中，口语主题指的是高期望值的项目(如船舶)。结果表明，技能较低(词汇量较小)和较不自信(不识别为NS)的双语/多语者比技能/自信较高的同龄人更能激活不太可能与动作相关的指代者。在实验2(N=65)中，主题是两个不太可能的项目之一(海盗追逐骨头/猫)。接近显著性的结果显示了相反但相似的大小效应：技能/自信较高的听者比技能/自信较低的听者激活较不可能的动作相关(如骨骼)所指的对象略多。实验结果表明，技能/自信心较高的参与者更灵活地根据任务的要求调整他们的语言预测，当双语/多语者根据自我归因于NS状态与词汇量进行分组时，出现了类似但不相同的模式。
When language users predict upcoming speech, they generate pluralistic expectations, weighted by likelihood (Kuperberg & Jaeger, 2016). Many variables influence the prediction of highly likely sentential outcomes, but less is known regarding variables affecting the prediction of less-likely outcomes. Here we explore how English vocabulary size and self-identification as a native speaker (NS) of English modulate adult bi-/multilinguals’ preactivation of less-likely sentential outcomes in two visual-world experiments. Participants heard transitive sentences containing an agent, action, and theme (The pirate chases the ship) while viewing four referents varying in expectancy by relation to the agent and action. In Experiment 1 (N=70), spoken themes referred to highly expected items (e.g., ship). Results indicate lower skill (smaller vocabulary size) and less confident (not identifying as NS) bi-/multilinguals activate less-likely action-related referents more than their higher skill/confidence peers. In Experiment 2 (N=65), themes were one of two less-likely items (The pirate chases the bone/cat). Results approaching significance indicate an opposite but similar size effect: higher skill/confidence listeners activate less-likely action-related (e.g., bone) referents slightly more than lower skill/confidence listeners. Results across experiments suggest higher skill/confidence participants more flexibly modulate their linguistic predictions per the demands of the task, with similar but not identical patterns emerging when bi-/multilinguals are grouped by self-ascribed NS status versus vocabulary size.