Stem cells of the skin epithelium
Stem cells of the skin epithelium
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1734203100
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发表时间：
2003-09-30
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Fuchs, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alonso, L;Fuchs, E
组织干细胞形成器官稳态和修复的细胞基础。干细胞具有在器官的生命周期中自我更新的不寻常能力，同时产生分化成一个或多个谱系的子细胞。这些细胞很难在任何组织中识别和表征，但仍然受到热烈追捧，因为它们具有治疗性重编程的潜力，可以在体外培养人体组织，用于治疗人类疾病。哺乳动物皮肤上皮细胞表现出显著的更新，在由于烧伤或创伤而损伤后，甚至更快地产生周期。负责为该组织提供细胞基质的干细胞还不容易与邻近细胞区分开来。然而，近年来，大量的工作已经开始表征皮肤上皮干细胞，无论是在组织培养中还是在小鼠和人皮肤中。从皮肤培养的一些上皮细胞表现出惊人的增殖潜力;事实上，20多年来，培养的人类皮肤已被用作移植到烧伤患者受损区域的新皮肤来源，代表了干细胞的第一个治疗用途之一。细胞命运的选择，包括自我更新和分化，是干细胞的重要生物学特征，但仍然知之甚少。皮肤上皮干细胞是研究这些重要过程的基本机制的成熟靶点。
Tissue stem cells form the cellular base for organ homeostasis and repair. Stem cells have the unusual ability to renew themselves over the lifetime of the organ while producing daughter cells that differentiate into one or multiple lineages. Difficult to identify and characterize in any tissue, these cells are nonetheless hotly pursued because they hold the potential promise of therapeutic reprogramming to grow human tissue in vitro, for the treatment of human disease. The mammalian skin epithelium exhibits remarkable turnover, punctuated by periods of even more rapid production after injury due to burn or wounding. The stem cells responsible for supplying this tissue with cellular substrate are not yet easily distinguishable from neighboring cells. However, in recent years a significant body of work has begun to characterize the skin epithelial stem cells, both in tissue culture and in mouse and human skin. Some epithelial cells cultured from skin exhibit prodigious proliferative potential; in fact, for >20 years now, cultured human skin has been used as a source of new skin to engraft onto damaged areas of burn patients, representing one of the first therapeutic uses of stem cells. Cell fate choices, including both self-renewal and differentiation, are crucial biological features of stem cells that are still poorly understood. Skin epithelial stem cells represent a ripe target for research into the fundamental mechanisms underlying these important processes.