The Role of Feedback Contingency in Perceptual Category Learning
The Role of Feedback Contingency in Perceptual Category Learning
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DOI：
10.1037/xlm0000277
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发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Vucovich, Lauren E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ashby, F. Gregory;Vucovich, Lauren E.
如果行为最终变得容易预测，则反馈高度依赖于行为；如果即使在学习完成后仍然难以或不可能预测，则反馈则弱依赖于行为。许多研究表明，人类和非人类动物对反馈偶然性高度敏感，但没有已知的研究探讨反馈偶然性如何影响类别学习，并且当前的理论很少或根本不重视该变量。两项实验研究了偶然退化对基于规则和信息集成类别学习的影响。在基于规则的任务中，通过简单的显式规则可以实现最佳准确性，而信息集成任务中的最佳准确性需要集成来自两个或多个不可通约的感知维度的信息。在这两个实验中，参与者都在高水平或低水平的反馈意外情况下学习了基于规则或信息集成的类别。在所有 4 种条件下都使用了完全相同的刺激，并且每种条件下的最佳准确度都是相同的。在两种高偶然性条件下学习效果都很好，但大多数参与者在两种低偶然性条件下都表现出很少或没有学习的证据。讨论了这些影响的可能原因及其理论意义。
Feedback is highly contingent on behavior if it eventually becomes easy to predict, and weakly contingent on behavior if it remains difficult or impossible to predict even after learning is complete. Many studies have demonstrated that humans and nonhuman animals are highly sensitive to feedback contingency, but no known studies have examined how feedback contingency affects category learning, and current theories assign little or no importance to this variable. Two experiments examined the effects of contingency degradation on rule-based and information-integration category learning. In rule-based tasks, optimal accuracy is possible with a simple explicit rule, whereas optimal accuracy in informationintegration tasks requires integrating information from 2 or more incommensurable perceptual dimensions. In both experiments, participants each learned rule-based or information-integration categories under either high or low levels of feedback contingency. The exact same stimuli were used in all 4 conditions, and optimal accuracy was identical in every condition. Learning was good in both highcontingency conditions, but most participants showed little or no evidence of learning in either lowcontingency condition. Possible causes of these effects, as well as their theoretical implications, are discussed.