The hunt for the perfect discounting function and a reckoning of time perception.
The hunt for the perfect discounting function and a reckoning of time perception.
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寻找完美的折扣功能和时间感知的计算。
DOI：
10.1016/j.conb.2016.06.019
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
HussainShuler,MarshallG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Namboodiri,VijayMk;HussainShuler,MarshallG
跨期决策并没有被先前的规范理论很好地解释。先前的时间选择理论认为时间感知独立于跨期决策。一个新的报酬率最大化理论（TIMERR）合理化了跨期决策和时间感知中的观察。做出考虑时间成本的决策是生存的基础。然而，虽然我们很容易意识到，我们的时间知觉密切参与这一过程，理论关于跨期决策和理论关于时间知觉的治疗，在很大程度上，独立的。即使在这些各自的领域内，提供良好拟合数据的模型也无法从规范意义上提供关于为什么这些拟合应该采取其明显形式的洞察力。相反，规范性模型为为什么行为人应该以特定的方式权衡选项或以特定的方式感知时间提供了合理化，但却无法解释完整的既定实验证据。在这里，我们回顾选择，但关键的进展，我们的理解，确定跨期决策和时间感知领域的概念突破，以及他们的局限性和失败，在来之不易的实验观察。在这种累积知识的背景下，提出了一个统一决策和时间感知领域的新概念（强化率的训练集成最大化，TIMERR），以提供更好的拟合观察和更简约的计算为什么我们做出选择，从而感知时间，我们这样做。
HighlightsIntertemporal decision-making is not well-accounted for by prior normative theories.Prior theories of timing consider the perception of time to be independent of intertemporal decision-making.A new reward-rate maximizing theory (TIMERR) rationalizes observations in intertemporal decision-making and time perception.Making decisions that factor the cost of time is fundamental to survival. Yet, while it is readily appreciated that our perception of time is intimately involved in this process, theories regarding intertemporal decision-making and theories regarding time perception are treated, largely, independently. Even within these respective domains, models providing good fits to data fail to provide insight as to why, from a normative sense, those fits should take their apparent form. Conversely, normative models that proffer a rationalization for why an agent should weigh options in a particular way, or to perceive time in a particular way, fail to account for the full body of well-established experimental evidence. Here we review select, yet key advances in our understanding, identifying conceptual breakthroughs in the fields of intertemporal decision-making and in time perception, as well as their limits and failings in the face of hard-won experimental observation. On this background of accrued knowledge, a new conception unifying the domains of decision-making and time perception is put forward (Training-Integrated Maximization of Reinforcement Rate, TIMERR) to provide a better fit to observations and a more parsimonious reckoning of why we make choices, and thereby perceive time, the way we do.