Physiological and behavioural effects of anemone bleaching on symbiont anemonefish in the wild
Physiological and behavioural effects of anemone bleaching on symbiont anemonefish in the wild
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2435.13729
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发表时间：
2021-01-11
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Mills, Suzanne C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cortese, Daphne;Norin, Tommy;Mills, Suzanne C.
1.气候变化引起的极端热浪导致了全球范围内的大规模珊瑚白化。温度诱导的漂白事件对珊瑚和海葵中藻类内共生菌丧失的影响是有充分证据的。然而，漂白对与珊瑚和海葵生活在一起的动物的连锁影响还没有得到充分研究。我们进行了一项野外实验，研究宿主海葵漂白对野生橙鳍海葵幼鱼1个月、2个月和9个月(存活)的代谢率、生长、行为和存活的影响。我们发现，在漂白的海葵中，海葵的标准代谢率随着时间的推移而下降，但在健康海葵的鱼中不受影响。尽管降低了代谢成本，但与健康海葵的鱼相比，来自漂白海葵的鱼的生长速度明显较低，这表明生活在漂白宿主中的动物在能量上处于劣势。我们的发现证实了这一点，来自漂白海葵的鱼离开海葵的时间更长，这表明更需要在水柱中觅食。然而，来自漂白海葵的鱼总体上不那么活跃，使用的海葵周围的空间更少，导致空间使用与4周后的存活率之间存在负相关。我们的结果提供了对寄主漂白对野生幼鱼的生理和行为影响的洞察，并强调了相对短期的热异常如何能够产生除漂白的海葵或珊瑚本身之外的长期影响。在本文的支持信息中可以找到免费的简明语言摘要。
1. Climate change causes extreme heat waves that have induced worldwide mass coral bleaching. The impacts of temperature-induced bleaching events on the loss of algal endosymbionts in both corals and anemones are well documented. However, the cascading impacts of bleaching on animals that live in association with corals and anemones are understudied.2. We performed a field-based experiment to investigate how host anemone bleaching affected the metabolic rate, growth, behaviour and survival of wild juvenile orange-fin anemonefish Amphiprion chrysopterus over 1, 2 and (for survival) 9 months.3. We found that the standard metabolic rate of anemonefish residing in bleached anemones decreased over time but was unaffected in fish from healthy anemones. Despite the reduced metabolic cost, the growth rate of fish from bleached anemones was significantly lower compared to fish from healthy anemones, suggesting that animals residing in bleached hosts are at an energetic disadvantage. This was corroborated by our finding that fish from bleached anemones spent more time out of their anemones, suggestive of a greater need to forage in the water column. However, fish from bleached anemones were overall less active and used less space around the anemone, resulting in a negative correlation between space use and survival after 4 weeks.4. Our results provide insight into the physiological and behavioural effects of host bleaching on juvenile fish in the wild, and highlight how relatively short-term thermal anomalies can have long-lasting impacts beyond the bleached anemones or corals themselves.5. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.