Morphological novelty emerges from pre-existing phenotypic plasticity
Morphological novelty emerges from pre-existing phenotypic plasticity
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-018-0601-8
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发表时间：
2018-08-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Pfennig, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Levis, Nicholas A.;Isdaner, Andrew J.;Pfennig, David W.
可塑性优先进化（PFE）认为，当选择将先前存在的表型可塑性细化为适应性表型时，新的特征就会出现。然而，PFE是有争议的，因为很少有在自然种群中进行的测试。在这里，我们提出的证据表明，PFE促进了一种进化新事物的起源，这种进化新事物允许某些两栖动物入侵一个新的生态位——一种独特的食肉动物形态。我们比较了三种不同食物饲养的掌足蟾蜍蝌蚪的形态、基因表达和生长情况：一种是（像大多数青蛙一样）从不产生食肉动物的holbrookscaphiopus；多重种，有时会产生食肉动物，但只通过饮食诱导的可塑性；以及无论饮食如何都会产生食肉动物的重磅鱼（Spea bombifrons）。与PFE一致，我们发现了饮食诱导的holbrookii的形态和基因表达的可塑性，在Sp. multiplicata中对这种可塑性进行了适应性改进，在Sp. bombifrons中进一步改进了食肉型表型。一般来说，表型可塑性可能在进化创新中发挥着重要的作用，如果不被重视的话。
Plasticity-first evolution (PFE) posits that novel features arise when selection refines pre-existing phenotypic plasticity into an adaptive phenotype. However, PFE is controversial because few tests have been conducted in natural populations. Here we present evidence that PFE fostered the origin of an evolutionary novelty that allowed certain amphibians to invade a new nichea distinctive carnivore morph. We compared morphology, gene expression and growth of three species of spadefoot toad tadpoles when reared on alternative diets: Scaphiopus holbrookii, which (like most frogs) never produce carnivores; Spea multiplicata, which sometimes produce carnivores, but only through diet-induced plasticity; and Spea bombifrons, which often produce carnivores regardless of diet. Consistent with PFE, we found diet-induced plasticityin morphology and gene expressionin Sc. holbrookii, adaptive refinement of this plasticity in Sp. multiplicata, and further refinement of the carnivore phenotype in Sp. bombifrons. Generally, phenotypic plasticity might play a significant, if underappreciated, role in evolutionary innovation.