Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters
Non‐trophic impacts from white sharks complicate population recovery for sea otters
复制标题
大白鲨的非营养性影响使海獭种群恢复变得复杂
DOI：
10.1002/ece3.5209
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
S. Jorgensen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Moxley;Teri E. Nicholson;Kyle S. Van Houtan;S. Jorgensen
受保护种群之间复杂的相互作用可能会对整个生态系统的恢复构成挑战。在加州，白色鲨鱼（Carcharodon carpidas）误击南方海獭（Enhydra lutris nereis）对海獭的恢复产生了紧急影响，抑制了海獭可能提供的更广泛的生态系统恢复。在这里，我们整合和分析跟踪和搁浅的数据，比较白色鲨鱼和他们的目标猎物（象海豹，Mirounga angustirostris）与那些mistargeted猎物（海獭，人类）之间的相互作用的物候。鲨鱼叮咬水獭和人类的明显季节性高峰在北半球的夏末重叠，就在每年的成年白色鲨鱼迁移到象海豹栖息地之前。从1997年到2017年，鲨鱼咬水獭的季节性从一年中的2个月扩大到8个月，主要发生在海带覆盖率下降的地区。不成熟和雄性水獭，人口统计学与范围扩张最相关，受到不成比例的影响。虽然海獭被认为在海带森林中发挥着关键作用，但最近的生态系统变化揭示了前所未有的自下而上和自上而下的相互作用。这种变化挑战了依赖于物种相互作用静态模型的生态系统管理计划。
Abstract Complex interactions between protected populations may challenge the recovery of whole ecosystems. In California, white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) mistargeting southern sea otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) are an emergent impact to sea otter recovery, inhibiting the broader ecosystem restoration sea otters might provide. Here, we integrate and analyze tracking and stranding data to compare the phenology of interactions between white sharks and their targeted prey (elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris) with those of mistargeted prey (sea otters, humans). Pronounced seasonal peaks in shark bites to otters and humans overlap in the late boreal summer, immediately before the annual adult white shark migration to elephant seal rookeries. From 1997 to 2017, the seasonal period when sharks bite otters expanded from 2 to 8 months of the year and occurred primarily in regions where kelp cover declined. Immature and male otters, demographics most associated with range expansion, were disproportionately impacted. While sea otters are understood to play a keystone role in kelp forests, recent ecosystem shifts are revealing unprecedented bottom‐up and top‐down interactions. Such shifts challenge ecosystem management programs that rely on static models of species interactions.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Fujii JA;McLeish D;Brooks AJ;Gaskell J;Van Houtan KS
通讯作者：
Van Houtan KS