Smoking and lung cancer: recent evidence and a discussion of some questions.
Smoking and lung cancer: recent evidence and a discussion of some questions.
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DOI：
10.1093/jnci/22.1.173
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发表时间：
1959
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Cornfield;W. Haenszel;Hammond Ec;A. Lilienfeld;M. Shimkin;Wynder El
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Cornfield;W. Haenszel;Hammond Ec;A. Lilienfeld;M. Shimkin;Wynder El
摘要 本报告回顾了有关吸烟与肺癌关系的一些最新流行病学和实验结果，并讨论了一些针对吸烟（尤其是卷烟）对支气管癌增加有因果作用的结论的批评。吸烟者患肺癌的风险非常大，因此不能将结果解释为吸烟与某些其他因素或特征的间接关联，因为这种假设的因素至少必须与吸烟一样与肺癌密切相关；尚未发现或建议此类药物。所有流行病学和实验证据的一致性也支持与吸烟存在因果关系的结论，但这些证据与已提出的其他假设之间存在严重不一致。毫无疑问，有些领域需要进行更多研究，当然，没有单一原因可以解释所有肺癌。然而，现有的信息足以规划和启动公共卫生措施。 – J. 纳特。癌症研究所22：173-203，1959。
Summary This report reviews some of the more recent epidemiologic and experimental findings on the relationship of tobacco smoking to lung cancer, and discusses some criticisms directed against the conclusion that tobacco smoking, especially cigarettes, has a causal role in the increase in broncho-genic carcinoma. The magnitude of the excess lung-cancer risk among cigarette smokers is so great that the results can not be interpreted as arising from an indirect association of cigarette smoking with some other agent or characteristic, since this hypothetical agent would have to be at least as strongly associated with lung cancer as cigarette use; no such agent has been found or suggested. The consistency of all the epidemiologic and experimental evidence also supports the conclusion of a causal relationship with cigarette smoking, while there are serious incon-sistencies in reconciling the evidence with other hypotheses which have been advanced. Unquestionably there are areas where more research is necessary, and, of course, no single cause accounts for all lung cancer. The information already available, however, is sufficient for planning and activating public health measures. – J. Nat. Cancer Inst . 22: 173–203, 1959.