Interrogating the configurational stability of atropisomers

Interrogating the configurational stability of atropisomers
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探讨阻转异构体的构型稳定性

DOI:
10.1038/s41596-023-00859-y
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
影响因子:
14.8
通讯作者:
Heeb J
Heeb J
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heeb J

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阿托洛异构体是一种分子,其立体致密性源于围绕单键的有限旋转。由于它们在催化、医学和材料科学中的应用,它们具有当前的重要意义。阿托异构体分子的主要特征是它们的立体异构体通过键旋转相互联系:因此,评估它们的构型稳定性(即它们的立体异构体相互转化的速度)是这一领域的任何工作的中心。重要的阿托品支架包括C-C连接的联芳基,如配体BINAP和药物万古霉素,以及C-N连接的胺衍生物,如药物替伦西平。本文重点介绍了目前应用最广泛的三种测定阿托品外消旋速率的实验方法,即:(I)对映异构体外消旋的动力学分析,(Ii)动态高效液相色谱和(Iii)变温核磁共振。对于每一种技术,都会对理论进行解释,然后是详细的实验程序。还讨论了当遇到性质尚不清楚的新分子结构时应尝试哪种技术。这三个过程都不需要复杂的实验技术,而且都可以使用标准的分析设备(核磁共振和高效液相色谱)进行。测定消旋率所需的时间取决于所需的实验方法,但对于一种新化合物,通常可以在1天内测量消旋率。
Atropisomers are molecules whose stereogenicity arises from restricted rotation about a single bond. They are of current importance because of their applications in catalysis, medicine and materials science. The defining feature of atropisomeric molecules is that their stereoisomers are related to one another by bond rotation: as a result, evaluating their configurational stability (i.e., the rate at which their stereoisomers interconvert) is central to any work in this area. Important atropisomeric scaffolds include C–C linked biaryls, such as the ligand BINAP and the drug vancomycin, and C–N linked amine derivatives such as the drug telenzepine. This article focuses on the three most widely used experimental methods that are available to measure the rate of racemization in atropisomers, namely: (i) kinetic analysis of the racemization of an enantioenriched sample, (ii) dynamic HPLC and (iii) variable-temperature NMR. For each technique, an explanation of the theory is set out, followed by a detailed experimental procedure. A discussion is also included of which technique to try when confronted with a new molecular structure whose properties are not yet known. None of the three procedures require complex experimental techniques, and all can be performed by using standard analytical equipment (NMR and HPLC). The time taken to determine a racemization rate depends on which experimental method is required, but for a new compound it is generally possible to measure a racemization rate in <1 d.
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