Development and evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum preparation for control of sheath blight of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Development and evaluation of Trichoderma asperellum preparation for control of sheath blight of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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用于防治水稻纹枯病的木霉制剂的开发和评价（Oryza sativa L.）
DOI：
10.1080/09583157.2014.977225
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
She, Dong-Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chen, Li-Hua;Zhang, Jie;She, Dong-Li
由立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctoniasolani）引起的水稻纹枯病是影响水稻生产的主要病害。用于防治水稻纹枯病的生物防治剂必须在水稻生长期间的特定时间喷洒在茎上，这是一个劳动密集型的过程，并且使拮抗剂易受环境因素的影响。本研究以棘孢木霉T12为出发菌株，采用表面响应法进行固态发酵生产制剂。根据T12在水中漂浮的能力和对紫外线照射的防护能力，选择了稻壳船体作为载体。T12基制剂的生产需要32%的麦麸，7%的接种物，2.3 g kg−1（NH 4）2SO 4和65%的水含量，在27.5°C下发酵30天，每六天搅拌一次。与病原菌处理相比，该制剂的生防效果达90%以上，结实率和千粒重显著提高（P > 0.05）。在水稻生长期，施用T12制剂处理的水稻叶鞘表面木霉菌数量从232 cfu（菌落形成单位）g-1fw（鲜重）增加到436 cfu g-1fw，显著高于病原菌处理（P > 0.05）。R.病原菌处理下，叶鞘上的solani从41 cfu g−1 fw增加到271 cfu g−1 fw，而T12制剂处理下，叶鞘上的solani在10-23 cfu g−1 fw之间保持稳定（P > 0.05）。通过向土壤中添加该制剂对纹枯病进行生物防治是有效的，并且降低了农业工业废物处理的成本。
Sheath blight, which is caused by Rhizoctonia solani, is a disease that majorly impacts rice production. A biocontrol agent used for control rice sheath blight must be sprayed on the stem at specific times during rice growth, a process that is labour-intensive and renders the antagonist vulnerable to environmental factors. In this study, Trichoderma asperellum T12 was used to produce preparation by solid-state fermentation using a surface-response method. Rice hull was selected as a carrier based on its ability to sustain the T12 floating in the water and protect T12 from ultraviolet irradiation. The production of a T12-based preparation required 32% wheat bran, 7% inoculum, 2.3 g kg−1 (NH4)2SO4 and 65% water content, with fermentation at 27.5°C for 30 days and agitation every six days. The preparation demonstrated 90% biocontrol efficacy and significantly (P > 0.05) increased the seed-set rate and 1000-grain weight as compared with the pathogen treatment. The population of Trichoderma on the surface of rice leaf sheath in the treatment applied with T12 preparation increased from 232 cfu (colony forming units) g−1 fw (fresh weight) to 436 cfu g−1 fw during rice growth stage, which was significantly (P > 0.05) higher than pathogen treatment. The population of R. solani on the leaf sheath increased from 41 cfu g−1 fw to 271 cfu g−1 fw in the pathogen treatment, while remained stable (P > 0.05) at level of 10–23 cfu g−1 fw in T12 preparation applied treatment. Biocontrol of sheath blight by the addition of the preparation to the soil is effective and decreases the costs of agro-industrial waste disposal.