Use of categorical and individuating information in making inferences about personality.
Use of categorical and individuating information in making inferences about personality.
复制标题
使用分类和个性化信息来推断人格。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.55.2.187
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Rothbart,M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krueger,J;Rothbart,M
内组和外组的成员被预测为不同的判断效力的胁迫和调解的社会影响力的策略，与胁迫被认为是相对更有效的调解外组，而不是内组成员。在实验1中，所有的受试者都阅读了两个假设国家之间的冲突描述，一半的受试者从一个国家的国防部长的角度出发，另一半则从另一个国家的角度出发。每个国家都在发展武器，增加而不是减少战争的可能性。每个被试都被要求考虑一系列社会影响战略的有效性，这些战略在胁迫或和解的语气上各不相同，可以改变他们自己或其他国家的行动。预测得到证实，无论是通过指数的额定有效性和有效性的排名。在实验2中，只要求受试者想象他们是一个国家或另一个国家的公民，观点采择操纵被削弱了。实验2重复了实验1的基本发现。这些结果对国际冲突，特别是军备竞赛的影响进行了讨论。
In-group and out-group members were predicted to differ in the judged efficacy of coercion and conciliation as social influence strategies, with coercion perceived as relatively more effective than conciliation by outgroup rather than ingroup members. In Experiment 1, all subjects read a description of a conflict between two hypothetical nations, with half of the subjects taking the perspective of the defense minister of one nation and half the perspective of the other. Each nation was developing weapons that increased rather than decreased the likelihood of war. Each subject was asked to consider the effectiveness of an array of social influence strategies, varying in degree of coercive or conciliatory tone, that could modify the actions of either their own or the other country. The prediction was confirmed, both by indexes of rated effectiveness and by a ranking of effectiveness. In Experiment 2, the perspective-taking manipulation was weakened by merely asking subjects to imagine that they were citizens of one country or the other. Experiment 2 replicated the basic findings of Experiment 1. The implications of these results for international conflict, with particular reference to the arms race, are discussed.