DNA-dependent protein kinase and DNA repair: relevance to Alzheimer's disease.

DNA-dependent protein kinase and DNA repair: relevance to Alzheimer's disease.
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DOI:
10.1186/alzrt167
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发表时间:
2013
期刊:
Alzheimer's research & therapy
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Kanungo J
Kanungo J
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Kanungo J

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阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 是老年痴呆症的主要原因,其病理特征包括区域特异性神经元死亡以及神经元和细胞外病变的积累,分别称为神经原纤维缠结和老年斑。 AD 中观察到的生化异常之一是 DNA 末端连接活性降低。有丝分裂后神经元进行某些类型的 DNA 修复的能力下降,并且因衰老而进一步受到损害。修复双链 DNA (dsDNA) 断裂 (DSB) 的主要机制是非同源末端连接 (NHEJ),它需要 DNA 依赖性蛋白激酶 (DNA-PK) 活性。 DNA-PK 是一种全酶,包含 p460 kDa DNA-PK 催化亚基 (DNA-PKcs) 和由 p86 (Ku 80) 和 p70 (Ku 70) 亚基组成的 Ku 异二聚体。 Ku 首先与 DNA 末端结合,然后在 NHEJ 期间招募 DNA-PKc。然而,在 AD 大脑中,NHEJ 活性降低,DNA-PKcs 和 Ku 蛋白水平降低,这表明 AD 和 dsDNA 损伤之间存在潜在联系。由于年龄匹配的对照大脑也显示出这些蛋白质水平的降低,因此 NHEJ 能力与 AD 之间是否存在直接联系仍然未知。涉及 DNA-PK 在神经变性(AD 基准)中的作用的可能机制是本次综述的重点。
The pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of senile dementia, involves region-specific neuronal death and an accumulation of neuronal and extracellular lesions termed neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, respectively. One of the biochemical abnormalities observed in AD is reduced DNA end-joining activity. The reduced capacity of post-mitotic neurons for some types of DNA repair is further compromised by aging. The predominant mechanism to repair double-strand DNA (dsDNA) breaks (DSB) is non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which requires DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) activity. DNA-PK is a holoenzyme comprising the p460 kDa DNA-PK catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and the Ku heterodimer consisting of p86 (Ku 80) and p70 (Ku 70) subunits. Ku binds to DNA ends first and then recruits DNA-PKcs during NHEJ. However, in AD brains, reduced NHEJ activity has been reported along with reduced levels of DNA-PKcs and the Ku proteins, indicating a potential link between AD and dsDNA damage. Since age-matched control brains also show a reduction in these protein levels, whether there is a direct link between NHEJ ability and AD remains unknown. Possible mechanisms involving the role of DNA-PK in neurodegeneration, a benchmark of AD, are the focus of this review.
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