Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex?
Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex?
复制标题
青春期是否标志着敏感时期的转变，以使新皮层的可塑性过渡？
DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2016.08.042
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Wilbrecht L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Piekarski DJ;Johnson CM;Boivin JR;Thomas AW;Lin WC;Delevich K;M Galarce E;Wilbrecht L
出生后的大脑发育充满了敏感期，在此期间，经验依赖的可塑性增强。这使得能够从环境输入中快速学习，并重新组织皮层回路，使行为与环境突发事件相匹配。在初级感觉皮层的敏感期生物学特征和理解方面取得了重大进展，但对联想新皮层的敏感期生物学知之甚少。一个可能的中介是青春期的开始，这标志着向青春期的过渡，当动物转向获得独立和探索他们的社会世界的行为。青春期的开始与某些领域的行为可塑性降低和其他领域的可塑性增强有关，因此可能会推动青少年大脑功能向青少年大脑功能的转变。在发达国家，青春期开始也较早，特别是在未得到服务的人口中，青春期较早与易吸毒、抑郁和焦虑有关。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了支持青春期的因果关系的作用，在功能和神经生物学的关联新皮层的发展变化的证据。我们还提出了一个模型，青春期激素如何可能调节敏感期可塑性的关联新皮层。我们的结论是，证据表明青春期的发病可能会在某些方面的关联新皮质发育的因果关系的作用，但需要进一步的研究，操纵青春期和性腺激素的措施。我们认为，迫切需要进一步的此类工作，以确定如何提前青春期可能会对人类健康和学习潜力产生负面影响。
Postnatal brain development is studded with sensitive periods during which experience dependent plasticity is enhanced. This enables rapid learning from environmental inputs and reorganization of cortical circuits that matches behavior with environmental contingencies. Significant headway has been achieved in characterizing and understanding sensitive period biology in primary sensory cortices, but relatively little is known about sensitive period biology in associative neocortex. One possible mediator is the onset of puberty, which marks the transition to adolescence, when animals shift their behavior toward gaining independence and exploring their social world. Puberty onset correlates with reduced behavioral plasticity in some domains and enhanced plasticity in others, and therefore may drive the transition from juvenile to adolescent brain function. Pubertal onset is also occurring earlier in developed nations, particularly in unserved populations, and earlier puberty is associated with vulnerability for substance use, depression and anxiety. In the present article we review the evidence that supports a causal role for puberty in developmental changes in the function and neurobiology of the associative neocortex. We also propose a model for how pubertal hormones may regulate sensitive period plasticity in associative neocortex. We conclude that the evidence suggests puberty onset may play a causal role in some aspects of associative neocortical development, but that further research that manipulates puberty and measures gonadal hormones is required. We argue that further work of this kind is urgently needed to determine how earlier puberty may negatively impact human health and learning potential.