Development and application of human skeletal muscle microphysiological systems.
Development and application of human skeletal muscle microphysiological systems.
复制标题
人体骨骼肌微生理系统的开发与应用。
DOI：
10.1039/c8lc00553b
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Truskey,GeorgeA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Truskey,GeorgeA
许多主要疾病状态涉及骨骼肌，包括2型糖尿病、肌肉萎缩症、肌肉减少症和由癌症或心脏病引起的恶病质。动物并不能准确地代表许多这些疾病状态。来源于原代或诱导多能干细胞（hPSC）的人骨骼肌微生理系统可以提供遗传和慢性疾病的体外模型并评估个体差异。三维培养系统比二维培养更准确地代表骨骼肌功能。虽然肌肉活检能够培养原代肌细胞，但hPSC提供了对更广泛的供体群体进行采样的机会。促进PSC衍生的骨骼肌成熟的最新进展为原代细胞提供了替代方案。虽然收缩功能通常在三维培养中测量，并且存在几个系统来表征少量肌纤维的收缩，但需要适合于微生理系统的代谢的功能测量。未来的研究应该解决分化良好的hPSC来源的肌肉细胞的产生，使肌肉修复在体外，并改善疾病模型。
A number of major disease states involve skeletal muscle, including type 2 diabetes, muscular dystrophy, sarcopenia and cachexia arising from cancer or heart disease. Animals do not accurately represent many of these disease states. Human skeletal muscle microphysiological systems derived from primary or induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can provide an in vitro model of genetic and chronic diseases and assess individual variations. Three-dimensional culture systems more accurately represent skeletal muscle function than do two-dimensional cultures. While muscle biopsies enable culture of primary muscle cells, hPSCs provide the opportunity to sample a wider population of donors. Recent advances to promote maturation of PSC-derived skeletal muscle provide an alternative to primary cells. While contractile function is often measured in three-dimensional cultures and several systems exist to characterize contraction of small numbers of muscle fibers, there is a need for functional measures of metabolism suited for microphysiological systems. Future research should address generation of well-differentiated hPSC-derived muscle cells, enabling muscle repair in vitro, and improved disease models.