Adaptive Capacity and Social-Environmental Change: Theoretical and Operational Modeling of Smallholder Coffee Systems Response in Mesoamerican Pacific Rim
Adaptive Capacity and Social-Environmental Change: Theoretical and Operational Modeling of Smallholder Coffee Systems Response in Mesoamerican Pacific Rim
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DOI：
10.1007/s00267-010-9603-2
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Haggar, Jeremy
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Eakin, Hallie;Bojorquez-Tapia, Luis A.;Haggar, Jeremy
直接依赖自然环境生存的社区通常已经制定了风险管理战略，使他们能够避免生计变化的危险阈值。适合以自然资源为基础的社区的发展政策需要了解社会生态变化的主要驱动因素，受影响的家庭自主应对这些驱动因素的方式，以及减少脆弱性的适当干预途径。咖啡一直是，并且仍然是中美洲地区最重要的商品之一，该地区成千上万的小农家庭在某种程度上依赖咖啡产业来维持生计。我们使用分析网络过程来综合有关该地区生计变化的主要驱动因素以及最常见的家庭战略和有效应对所需的相关能力的专家知识。评估发现，渐进的系统性过程以及具体的环境和市场冲击是整个地区生计变化的重要驱动因素。农艺调整和新的社会组织形式是农民对这些变化的更重要的反应。评估表明，支持适应的公共干预措施应侧重于增加农民获得市场、技术信息和资金的机会，以及提高农民组织和合作社的生存能力。
Communities who rely directly on the natural environment for their survival typically have developed risk management strategies to enable them to avoid dangerous thresholds of change to their livelihoods. Development policy appropriate for natural resource-based communities requires an understanding of the primary drivers of social-ecological change, the ways in which affected households autonomously respond to such drivers, and the appropriate avenues for intervention to reduce vulnerability. Coffee has been, and still remains, one of the most important commodities of the Mesoamerican region, and hundreds of thousands of smallholder households in the region are dependent in some way on the coffee industry for their livelihood stability. We used the Analytical Network Process to synthesize expert knowledge on the primary drivers of livelihood change in the region as well as the most common household strategies and associated capacities necessary for effective response. The assessment identified both gradual systemic processes as well as specific environmental and market shocks as significant drivers of livelihood change across the region. Agronomic adjustments and new forms of social organization were among the more significant responses of farmers to these changes. The assessment indicates that public interventions in support of adaptation should focus on enhancing farmers' access to market and technical information and finance, as well as on increasing the viability of farmers' organizations and cooperatives.