Retrofitting CO2 Capture to Existing Power Plants as a Fast Track Mitigation Strategy
Retrofitting CO2 Capture to Existing Power Plants as a Fast Track Mitigation Strategy
复制标题
对现有发电厂进行二氧化碳捕集改造作为快速缓解策略
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Lucquiaud
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Chalmers;J. Gibbins;M. Lucquiaud
碳捕获与封存（CCS）通常被认为是减少全球二氧化碳（CO2）排放的重要技术。例如，IEA 目前建议，到 2030 年，全球可能需要安装 160GW 的 CCS，作为将温室气体浓度限制在 550ppm-CO2 当量的行动的一部分，如果要实现 450ppm-CO2 当量的目标，还需要 190GW CCS 容量。由于经过验证的 CCS 技术最早要到 2020 年才会在全球推广，这意味着构建速度非常具有挑战性。在这种情况下，对现有工厂进行二氧化碳捕集改造，尤其是粉煤电厂的燃烧后捕集，可以在部署 CCS 作为实施二氧化碳减排的全球战略方面发挥重要作用。改造明显减少了 CCS 部署所需的建设活动，因为所需的额外新发电厂更少。对现有船队进行 CCS 改造也是显着减少发电组合中二氧化碳排放的有效方法；显然，仅仅通过在现有机组中增加采用 CCS 的新电厂来绝对减少煤电行业的二氧化碳排放量显然是不可能的。尽管有人建议现在和将来建造的工厂可以“做好捕集准备”，但大部分现有工厂的设计并不适合二氧化碳捕集改造。讨论了考虑改造项目的公用事业公司和投资者可能面临的一些特殊挑战。由于预计粉煤电厂燃烧后捕集改造将是现有机组改造中应用最广泛的选择（可能无论基地工厂是否设计为捕集就绪），因此对该方案的技术和潜在经济绩效进行了审查。需要解决捕获改造时的动力循环性能损失问题，但似乎存在令人满意的选择。与需要更多资本支出的其他方案相比，燃烧后捕集改造的经济绩效似乎也具有竞争力。然而，还需要开展进一步的工作，以开发一种普遍接受的方法来评估改造的经济性（包括考虑不同电力销售价格假设下改造后输出损失的影响），并将一般技术原则应用于详细考虑特定地点限制的案例研究。本文报告的筛选级分析的总体结论是，根据项目特定和市场特定条件，改造可能是一个有吸引力的选择，特别是对于 CCS 的快速初始示范和部署。因此，应避免对现有工厂改造及其与 CCS 的有效运行产生任何不必要的监管或资金障碍。版权所有 © 2009 ASME
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is often identified as an important technology for mitigating global carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions. For example, the IEA currently suggests that 160GW of CCS may need to be installed globally by 2030 as part of action to limit greenhouse gas concentrations to 550ppm-CO2 eq, with a further 190GW CCS capacity required if a 450ppm-CO2 eq target is to be achieved. Since global rollout of proven CCS technologies is not expected to commence until 2020 at the earliest this represents a very challenging build rate. In these circumstances retrofitting CO2 capture to existing plants, probably particularly post-combustion capture on pulverized coal-fired plants, could play an important role in the deployment of CCS as a global strategy for implementing CO2 emissions reductions. Retrofitting obviously reduces the construction activity required for CCS deployment, since fewer additional new power plants are required. Retrofitting CCS to an existing fleet is also an effective way to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from this sector of the electricity generation mix; it is obviously not possible to effect an absolute reduction in coal power sector CO2 emissions simply by adding new plants with CCS to the existing fleet. Although it has been proposed that plants constructed now and in the future can be ‘capture ready’, much of the existing fleet will not have been designed to be suitable for retrofit of CO2 capture. Some particular challenges that may be faced by utilities and investors considering a retrofit project are discussed. Since it is expected that post-combustion capture retrofits to pulverized coal plants will be the most widely applied option for retrofit to the existing fleet (probably regardless of whether base plants were designed to be capture ready or not), a review of the technical and potential economic performance of this option is presented. Power cycle performance penalties when capture is retrofitted need to be addressed, but satisfactory options appear to exist. It also seems likely that the economic performance of post-combustion capture retrofit could be competitive when compared to other options requiring more significant capital expenditure. Further work is, however, required both to develop a generally accepted methodology for assessing retrofit economics (including consideration of the implications of lost output after retrofit under different electricity selling price assumptions) and to apply general technical principles to case studies where site-specific constraints are considered in detail. The overall conclusion from the screening-level analysis reported in this paper is that, depending on project-specific and market-specific conditions, retrofit could be an attractive option, especially for fast track initial demonstration and deployment of CCS. Any unnecessary regulatory or funding barriers to retrofit of existing plants and to their effective operation with CCS should, therefore, be avoided.Copyright © 2009 by ASME