Activation of preexisting transverse structures in an evolving magmatic rift in East Africa

Activation of preexisting transverse structures in an evolving magmatic rift in East Africa
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东非不断演化的岩浆裂谷中先前存在的横向结构的激活

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsg.2017.11.004
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
3.1
通讯作者:
Kattenhorn, S.A.
Kattenhorn, S.A.
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Muirhead, J.D.;Kattenhorn, S.A.

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长期以来,遗传的地壳弱点一直被认为是影响东非裂谷系应变局部化和盆地发育的重要因素。然而,利用这些弱点的横向(裂斜)断层的时间和运动学(如滑动感)仍存在争议,因此,在裂谷盆地演化的不同阶段,遗传弱点的作用往往被忽视。通过对马加迪盆地(肯尼亚裂谷)Kordjya断层的分析,探讨了横向断裂的机制。利用现场和遥感数据对断层和节理系统进行了断层运动学研究。我们的分析表明,科尔季亚断裂是一个复杂的系统,主要由北北东走向的裂谷平行断裂段组成,这些断裂段共同形成了一个北西向的雁梯队断裂阵列。因此,横向Kordjya断层重新激活了~ 1 Ma熔岩中现有的裂谷平行断层,成为具有左旋剪切成分的斜正断层。总而言之,这些断层运动在利用Aswa基底剪切带的下伏横向构造上容纳了倾滑。该研究表明,横向断层可能是岩浆辅助应变局部化、预先存在的构造和局部应力旋转的复杂相互作用而激活的。横向构造不是在裂谷起裂过程中形成的,而是在普遍的裂谷平行断裂系统建立之后发展起来的,并且在局部应力旋转的激活下可能表现出倾滑运动。这里显示的科尔季亚断层形成了一个运动联系,将应变传递到一个新发展的集中岩浆活动和正断层的中心。结论认为,新近激活的横向断裂不仅揭示了基底弱点对断裂发育的影响,而且为年轻大陆裂谷盆地演化过程中岩浆和构造系统的发育提供了重要线索。
Inherited crustal weaknesses have long been recognized as important factors in strain localization and basin development in the East African Rift System (EARS). However, the timing and kinematics (e.g., sense of slip) of transverse (rift-oblique) faults that exploit these weaknesses are debated, and thus the roles of inherited weaknesses at different stages of rift basin evolution are often overlooked. The mechanics of transverse faulting were addressed through an analysis of the Kordjya fault of the Magadi basin (Kenya Rift). Fault kinematics were investigated from field and remote-sensing data collected on fault and joint systems. Our analysis indicates that the Kordjya fault consists of a complex system of predominantly NNE-striking, rift-parallel fault segments that collectively form a NNW-trending array of en echelon faults. The transverse Kordjya fault therefore reactivated existing rift-parallel faults in ∼1 Ma lavas as oblique-normal faults with a component of sinistral shear. In all, these fault motions accommodate dip-slip on an underlying transverse structure that exploits the Aswa basement shear zone. This study shows that transverse faults may be activated through a complex interplay among magma-assisted strain localization, preexisting structures, and local stress rotations. Rather than forming during rift initiation, transverse structures can develop after the establishment of pervasive rift-parallel fault systems, and may exhibit dip-slip kinematics when activated from local stress rotations. The Kordjya fault is shown here to form a kinematic linkage that transfers strain to a newly developing center of concentrated magmatism and normal faulting. It is concluded that recently activated transverse faults not only reveal the effects of inherited basement weaknesses on fault development, but also provide important clues regarding developing magmatic and tectonic systems as young continental rift basins evolve.
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