Theoretical contribution of the upper extremities to reducing trunk extension following a laboratory-induced slip.
Theoretical contribution of the upper extremities to reducing trunk extension following a laboratory-induced slip.
复制标题
上肢对减少实验室诱发滑倒后躯干伸展的理论贡献。
DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.03.004
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Grabiner,MarkD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Troy,KarenL;Donovan,StephanieJ;Grabiner,MarkD
滑倒经常是导致跌倒相关伤害的原因。确定成功恢复的可修改的生物力学要求是制定特定任务的跌倒预防训练计划的关键先决条件。本研究的目的是量化的生物力学作用的上肢在初始阶段的滑动导致躯干运动主要在矢状面。两组成年人进行了检查：65岁以上的成年人跌倒，18-40岁的成年人滑倒后避免跌倒。我们假设，快速的肩部屈曲可以显著降低躯干伸展速度，滑倒的成年人会将其作为避免跌倒的策略来实施，而避免跌倒的年轻人会比跌倒的老年人更有效地使用这种策略。12名年轻人和8名老年人的运动学进行了分析，使用三段守恒的动量模型来代表躯干，头部和上肢。该模型被用来估计可能的贡献上肢减少躯干伸展速度。结果表明，上肢运动可显著降低躯干伸展速度。虽然上肢显著降低了年轻人和老年人的躯干伸展速度（p<0.027），但年轻人的降低幅度（13.6± 11.4%）显著大于老年人（5.8± 3.4%，p=0.045）。考虑到快速肩关节屈曲可能会降低躯干伸展速度，无论是通过传统策略还是创新策略，将上肢运动作为结局，侧重于滑倒相关福尔斯的跌倒预防干预可能会受益。
Slips are frequently the cause of fall-related injuries. Identifying modifiable biomechanical requirements for successful recovery is a key prerequisite to developing task-specific fall preventive training programs. The purpose of this study was to quantify the biomechanical role of the upper extremities during the initial phase of a slip resulting in trunk motion primarily in the sagittal plane. Two groups of adults were examined: adults over age 65 who fell and adults aged 18–40 who avoided falling after slipping. We hypothesized that rapid shoulder flexion could significantly reduce trunk extension velocity, that adults who slipped would implement this as a fall avoidance strategy, and that younger adults who avoided falling would use this strategy more effectively than older adults who fell. The kinematics of the 12 younger adults and eight older adults were analyzed using a three-segment conservation of momentum model developed to represent the trunk, head, and upper extremities. The model was used to estimate the possible contribution of the upper extremities to reducing trunk extension velocity. The model showed that upper extremity motion can significantly reduce trunk extension velocity. Although the upper extremities significantly reduced the trunk extension velocity of both young and older adults (p<0.027), the reduction found for the young adults, 13.6±11.4%, was significantly larger than that of the older adults (5.8±3.4%, p=0.045). Given the potential for trunk extension velocity to be reduced by rapid shoulder flexion, fall prevention interventions focused on slip-related falls may benefit from including upper extremity motion as an outcome whether through conventional or innovative strategies.