The time course of the inversion effect during individual face discrimination
The time course of the inversion effect during individual face discrimination
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DOI：
10.1167/7.8.3
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发表时间：
2007-01-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Rossion, Bruno
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jacques, Corentin;d'Arripe, Olivier;Rossion, Bruno
当人脸被倒着呈现时，它们看起来更相似，导致在个别人脸辨别任务中错误率和反应时间增加。这种脸部反转效应(FIE)是人脸处理文献中最有力的发现之一。最近使用面孔认同感适应的神经成像研究表明，“梭形脸部区域”是行为FIE的主要神经来源。然而，FIE的时间进程，即反转何时影响人脑中面部身份的编码，仍然不清楚。在这里，我们通过记录头皮上的事件相关电位(ERPs)来解决这个问题，在直立和倒立的适应范式下。受试者首先被给予3000毫秒的适应面孔刺激，然后是同一身份或不同身份的第二张面孔。从刺激开始后约160ms开始，在N170时间窗内，当第二次面孔刺激与适应面孔相同时，在枕颞部电极上对第二次面孔刺激的ERP反应显著降低。当完全相同的刺激呈现颠倒时，信号的减少较小，大约发生在30ms后，与倒置的行为效应一致。这一结果表明，面孔翻转在约160ms时影响了枕颞叶皮质中面孔身份的早期编码。由于已知反转会大量扰乱面部特征的整合，这些观察提供了间接证据，表明早在刺激开始后160ms就对单个人脸进行了整体处理。
Human faces look more similar to each other when they are presented upside down, leading to an increase in error rate and response time during individual face discrimination tasks. This face inversion effect ( FIE) is one of the most robust findings in the face processing literature. Recent neuroimaging studies using adaptation to face identity have shown that the "fusiform face area" was the primary neural source of the behavioral FIE. However, the time course of the FIE, that is, when inversion affects the coding of facial identity in the human brain, remains unclear. Here, we addressed this question by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) on the scalp during an adaptation paradigm with upright and inverted faces. Subjects were presented first with an adapting face stimulus for 3,000 ms, followed by a second face of either the same identity or a different identity. Starting at about 160 ms after stimulus onset, the ERP response to the second face stimulus was markedly reduced over occipitotemporal electrode sites when it was identical to the adapting face, during the N170 time window. When the exact same stimuli were presented upside down, the reduction of signal was smaller and took place about 30 ms later, in line with the behavioral effect of inversion. This result shows that face inversion affects the early encoding of face identity in the occipitotemporal cortex at about 160 ms. Because inversion is known to disrupt massively the integration of facial features, these observations provide indirect evidence that individual faces are processed holistically as early as 160 ms after stimulus onset.