Chordate Origins and Evolution: The Molecular Evolutionary Road to Vertebrates
Chordate Origins and Evolution: The Molecular Evolutionary Road to Vertebrates
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脊索动物的起源与进化：脊椎动物的分子进化之路
DOI：
10.2478/s11756-014-0427-z
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
N. Satoh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
N. Satoh
脊索动物的起源和进化：脊椎动物的分子进化之路集中在棘皮动物（海星，海胆等），半索动物（橡子蠕虫等），头索动物（lancelae）、尾索动物或被囊动物（海鞘动物、幼虫动物和其他）和脊椎动物。在一般情况下，这些群体的进化是独立讨论的，在更大的规模：步肢动物（echi+hemi）和脊索动物（cephlo+uro+vert）。到目前为止，对这些主题的讨论有些零散，这项工作提供了基本信息的统一介绍。自查尔斯·达尔文提出物种起源的自然选择概念以来的150多年里，动物（后生动物）的进化一直受到广泛的研究、讨论和争论。继几十年的经典比较形态学和胚胎学之后，20世纪80年代标志着动物进化研究的转折点，当时分子生物学方法，包括分子胚胎发生学（MP），分子进化发育生物学（evo-devo）和比较基因组学（CG），开始被采用。后生动物进化至少有五个关键事件，包括1）双胚层动物，如刺胞动物; 2）三胚层动物或两侧动物; 3）原口动物和后口动物; 4）后口动物中的脊索动物;和5）脊索动物中的脊椎动物。最后两个因与人类进化有关而受到特别关注。在过去的二十年里，这一领域取得了巨大的进展，特别是在涉及脊索动物进化的分子和发育机制方面。例如，对后口动物之间系统发育关系的解释已经发生了巨大的变化。此外，我们现在已经获得了大量的MP，evo-devo，介绍了脊索动物起源和进化的最重要的进展，使读者了解所涉及的有趣的生物学问题，提供了有关每个门的基本信息的统一介绍，以及对脊索动物起源和进化所涉及的分子机制的综合理解，讨论了脊索动物的进化基于动物的两个主要特征的脊索动物情景？即喂养（能源）和繁殖的方式？作为推动动物进化的两个主要力量，
Chordate Origins and Evolution: The Molecular Evolutionary Road to Vertebrates focuses on echinoderms (starfish, sea urchins, and others), hemichordates (acorn worms, etc.), cephalochordates (lancelets), urochordates or tunicates (ascidians, larvaceans and others), and vertebrates. In general, evolution of these groups is discussed independently, on a larger scale: ambulacrarians (echi+hemi) and chordates (cephlo+uro+vert). Until now, discussion of these topics has been somewhat fragmented, and this work provides a unified presentation of the essential information. In the more than 150 years since Charles Darwin proposed the concept of the origin of species by means of natural selection, which has profoundly affected all fields of biology and medicine, the evolution of animals (metazoans) has been studied, discussed, and debated extensively. Following many decades of classical comparative morphology and embryology, the 1980s marked a turning point in studies of animal evolution, when molecular biological approaches, including molecular phylogeny (MP), molecular evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo), and comparative genomics (CG), began to be employed. There are at least five key events in metazoan evolution, which include the origins of 1) diploblastic animals, such as cnidarians; 2) triploblastic animals or bilaterians; 3) protostomes and deuterostomes; 4) chordates, among deuterostomes; and 5) vertebrates, among chordates. The last two have received special attention in relation to evolution of human beings. During the past two decades, great advances have been made in this field, especially in regard to molecular and developmental mechanisms involved in the evolution of chordates. For example, the interpretation of phylogenetic relationships among deuterostomes has drastically changed. In addition, we have now obtained a large quantity of MP, evo-devo, and CG information on the origin and evolution of chordates.Covers the most significant advances in this field to give readers an understanding of the interesting biological issues involvedProvides a unified presentation of essential information regarding each phylum and an integrative understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in the origin and evolution of chordatesDiscusses the evolutionary scenario of chordates based on two major characteristic features of animals?namely modes of feeding (energy sources) and reproduction?as the two main forces driving animal evolution and benefiting dialogue for future studies of animal evolution