'Fare gli itagliani' in the Bolognese countryside. Some notes on language, literature and cultural history in postunification Italy
'Fare gli itagliani' in the Bolognese countryside. Some notes on language, literature and cultural history in postunification Italy
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博洛尼亚乡村的“Fare gli itagliani”。
DOI：
10.1080/02614340.2010.11917484
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bonsaver G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bonsaver G
克罗拉与其说是一个村庄，不如说是博洛尼亚南部山上零星的农舍，这些农舍逐渐上升到亚平宁山脉。在意大利统一时，当地经济以农业为主，分成制(Mezzadria)的做法导致农民分散在由土地所有者建造和拥有的农场中。这些农场通常由一个单独的或大家庭居住，大到足以在特定的庄园工作(因此有许多废弃的农场，这些农场标志着今天意大利大片地区的机械化农田)。克罗拉是1881年8月这些笔记的主题诞生的地方，也是他生活的地方，直到他决定改变自己的生活，搬到佛罗伦萨。他的名字是盖塔诺·皮拉蒂，即使在现代意大利的历史学家中也鲜为人知，尽管他在政治上好战，他的商业生涯，他参与了反对法西斯主义的斗争，并最终在1925年10月3日被暗杀。在那些年，博洛尼亚乡村和佛罗伦萨城市之间的距离不仅是地理上的，而且还可以用文化尺度来衡量。和语言上的一样。这与盖塔诺·皮拉蒂的传记研究工作中必须解决的一个问题有关。作为一个在19世纪80年代长大的农民之子，他对标准意大利语了解多少？他年轻时学习和说的方言与他为了成为意大利民族的活跃成员而必须学习的官方和书面语言之间有什么联系？这是一个关系到大多数意大利人的问题。当意大利在1861年3月被“创造”并成为Regno d‘Italia时，大约75%的人口可能已经听说了这个消息，但肯定听到了
Rather than a village, Croara is better described as a smattering of farmhouses on the hills south of Bologna which gradually rise into the Appennines. At the time of Italy’s unification, the local economy was predominantly agricultural and the practice of sharecropping (mezzadria) resulted in peasants being scattered in farms built and owned by landowners. The farms were often inhabited by a single or extended family, large enough to work on a particular estate (hence the many abandoned farms which mark today’s mechanized farmland in vast tracts of Italy). Croara is the place where the subject of these notes was born, in August 1881, and where he lived until he decided to turn his life around and move to Florence. His name was Gaetano Pilati, little known even among historians of modern Italy, despite his political militancy, his business career, his involvement in the fight against Fascism and his eventual assassination on 3 October 1925. In those years, the distance between the countryside of Bologna and the city of Florence was not only geographical but could also be measured with a cultural yardstick. Equally with a linguistic one. This is linked to an issue which had to be tackled when working on a biographical study of Gaetano Pilati. As a son of peasants growing up in the 1880s, what was his knowledge of standard Italian? What was the connection between the dialect which he absorbed and spoke throughout his youth and the official and written medium he had to learn in order to become an active member of the Italian nation? It is an issue which concerned the majority of Italians. When Italy was “made” and became Regno d’Italia, in March 1861, around 75% of its population might have heard the news but certainly did