The ins and outs of muscle stem cell aging.
The ins and outs of muscle stem cell aging.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13395-016-0072-z
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Muñoz-Cánoves P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brack AS;Muñoz-Cánoves P
骨骼肌具有非凡的再生能力，依靠其常驻干细胞（卫星细胞）。这种能力随着年龄的增长而下降，尽管这是否是由于环境的外在变化和/或与衰老相关的细胞内在机制引起的，一直是一个激烈的争论。此外，虽然一些团体支持卫星细胞衰老是可逆的年轻的环境，其他人支持细胞自主的不可逆的变化，即使在年轻的因素存在。事实上，虽然联体共生模式揭示了环境是卫星细胞功能下降的原因，但卫星细胞移植研究支持衰老的细胞内在缺陷。在这篇评论中，我们试图阐明这些差异背后的潜在原因。我们认为，用于询问干细胞功能的内在和外在调节的实验范式可能是问题的一部分。所部署的测定是不等同的，并且可能使特定的细胞调节过程过载，从而探测卫星细胞特性的不同方面。最后，卫星细胞的不同子集可能处于不同的分子控制模式下，并且在一个范例中比在另一个范例中优先动员。更好地了解卫星细胞在衰老过程中的分子适应性及其在损伤和移植过程中的环境依赖性部署，将有助于开发有效的补偿策略，在整个生命过程中维持干细胞适应性和组织稳态。
Skeletal muscle has a remarkable capacity to regenerate by virtue of its resident stem cells (satellite cells). This capacity declines with aging, although whether this is due to extrinsic changes in the environment and/or to cell-intrinsic mechanisms associated to aging has been a matter of intense debate. Furthermore, while some groups support that satellite cell aging is reversible by a youthful environment, others support cell-autonomous irreversible changes, even in the presence of youthful factors. Indeed, whereas the parabiosis paradigm has unveiled the environment as responsible for the satellite cell functional decline, satellite cell transplantation studies support cell-intrinsic deficits with aging. In this review, we try to shed light on the potential causes underlying these discrepancies. We propose that the experimental paradigm used to interrogate intrinsic and extrinsic regulation of stem cell function may be a part of the problem. The assays deployed are not equivalent and may overburden specific cellular regulatory processes and thus probe different aspects of satellite cell properties. Finally, distinct subsets of satellite cells may be under different modes of molecular control and mobilized preferentially in one paradigm than in the other. A better understanding of how satellite cells molecularly adapt during aging and their context-dependent deployment during injury and transplantation will lead to the development of efficacious compensating strategies that maintain stem cell fitness and tissue homeostasis throughout life.