Hunter-gatherers and other primates as prey, predators, and competitors of snakes
Hunter-gatherers and other primates as prey, predators, and competitors of snakes
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1115116108
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发表时间：
2011-12-27
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Greene, Harry W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Headland, Thomas N.;Greene, Harry W.
从人类学、心理学和进化的角度来看，灵长类动物和蛇之间的关系引起了广泛的兴趣，但令人惊讶的是，人们对蛇对史前生活方式的人和非人类灵长类动物构成的危险知之甚少。在这里，我们报告120菲律宾Agta Negritos的民族志观察时，他们仍然是文字前的狩猎采集者，其中26%的成年男性幸存下来的捕食企图网状蟒蛇。1934年至1973年期间发生了六起致命袭击事件。阿格塔吃蟒蛇，也吃鹿、野猪和猴子，它们也被蟒蛇吃掉，因此，这两个物种是猎物、掠食者和潜在的竞争对手。自然历史数据记录了蛇捕食树鼩和26种非人类灵长类动物，以及许多种类的灵长类动物接近，围攻，杀死，有时吃蛇。这些发现，在蛇和灵长类动物的遗传背景下解释，证实了一个假设，即复杂的生态相互作用长期以来一直是我们共同进化历史的特征。
Relationships between primates and snakes are of widespread interest from anthropological, psychological, and evolutionary perspectives, but surprisingly, little is known about the dangers that serpents have posed to people with prehistoric lifestyles and nonhuman primates. Here, we report ethnographic observations of 120 Philippine Agta Negritos when they were still preliterate hunter-gatherers, among whom 26% of adult males had survived predation attempts by reticulated pythons. Six fatal attacks occurred between 1934 and 1973. Agta ate pythons as well as deer, wild pigs, and monkeys, which are also eaten by pythons, and therefore, the two species were reciprocally prey, predators, and potential competitors. Natural history data document snake predation on tree shrews and 26 species of nonhuman primates as well as many species of primates approaching, mobbing, killing, and sometimes eating snakes. These findings, interpreted within the context of snake and primate phylogenies, corroborate the hypothesis that complex ecological interactions have long characterized our shared evolutionary history.