Towards Hard Real-Time and Energy-Efficient Virtualization for Many-Core Embedded Systems
Towards Hard Real-Time and Energy-Efficient Virtualization for Many-Core Embedded Systems
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DOI：
10.1109/tc.2022.3207115
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发表时间：
2023-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Zhe Jiang;Kecheng Yang;Yunfeng Ma;N. Fisher;N. Audsley;Zheng Dong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhe Jiang;Kecheng Yang;Yunfeng Ma;N. Fisher;N. Audsley;Zheng Dong
在安全关键型计算系统中，I/O虚拟化必须同时满足不同的需求，包括时间可预测性、性能和能效。然而，由于系统级复杂的I/O访问路径和资源管理、I/O硬件级缺乏抢占式调度的支持以及缺乏有效的能源管理方法，这些要求很难实现。在本文中，我们提出了一个新的框架I/O- guard，它重构了I/O虚拟化的系统架构，提供了一个专用的硬件管理程序来处理整个系统的资源管理。虚拟机监控程序通过在I/O虚拟化中启用抢占式调度来提高系统的实时性能，同时提供分析和实验的实时保证。此外，我们还提出了一个专用的能量管理单元，通过频率缩放来调整I/O-GUARD的动态能量。在此基础上，提出了一种频率识别算法，在运行时找到合适的执行频率。如实验所示，与最先进的I/O虚拟化相比，I/O- guard同时提高了可预测性、性能和能源效率。
In safety-critical computing systems, the I/O virtualization must simultaneously satisfy different requirements, including time-predictability, performance, and energy-efficiency. However, these requirements are challenging to achieve due to complex I/O access path and resource management at the system level, lack of support from preemptive scheduling at I/O hardware level, and missing an effective energy management method. In this paper, we propose a new framework, I/O-GUARD, which reconstructs the system architecture of I/O virtualization, bringing a dedicated hardware hypervisor to handle resource management throughout the system. The hypervisor improves system real-time performance by enabling preemptive scheduling in I/O virtualization with both analytical and experimental real-time guarantees. Furthermore, we also present a dedicated energy management unit to adjust I/O-GUARD's dynamic energy using frequency scaling. Associated with that, a frequency identification algorithm is proposed to find the appropriate executing frequency at run-time. As shown in experiments, I/O-GUARD simultaneously improves the predictability, performance and energy-efficiency compared to the state-of-the-art I/O virtualization.