Effects of Elevated Stream Temperatures below a Shallow Reservoir on a Cold Water Macroinvertebrate Fauna
Effects of Elevated Stream Temperatures below a Shallow Reservoir on a Cold Water Macroinvertebrate Fauna
复制标题
浅水库以下溪流温度升高对冷水大型无脊椎动物群的影响
DOI：
10.1007/978-1-4684-8613-1_15
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发表时间：
1979
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Fraley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Fraley
麦迪逊河是蒙大拿州最好的冷水溪流之一，支持着高产量的渔业，每年为垂钓者提供近10万条鲑鱼(文森特，1969)。它包括全州727公里的蓝带鲑鱼水域中的116公里。1900年后不久，麦迪逊河被蓄水，形成了埃尼斯水库。水库中的水被用来在紧邻恩尼斯大坝下方的麦迪逊发电厂发电。水库又宽又浅，充当了一个热陷阱，提高了下游水域的夏季温度(Heaton，1961；文森特，1977)。夏季水温的升高似乎正在威胁水库下游的蓝带鱼渔业。最近的研究(文森特，1977)表明，长度大于28厘米的彩虹和褐鲑鱼在水库下游(下游)的生长速度比上游(上游)的生长速度慢。相反，小于28厘米的鲑鱼在水库下游生长得更快。这些生长率差异的原因尚不清楚，但夏季平均水温较高(接近19摄氏度)对鲑鱼代谢或食物供应的影响已被认为是可能的原因。
The Madison River is one of Montana's finest cold-water streams, supporting a highly productive fishery that yields nearly 100,000 trout to anglers each year (Vincent, 1969). It comprises 116 km of the 727 km of blue ribbon trout water in the state.Shortly after 1900 the Madison River was impounded to form Ennis Reservoir. Water from the reservoir is used to produce power at the Madison Power Plant located immediately below Ennis Dam. The reservoir is wide and shallow and acts as a heat trap, raising summer temperatures of downstream waters (Heaton, 1961; Vincent, 1977). These increased summer water temperatures appear to be threatening the blue ribbon trout fishery downstream from the reservoir. Recent studies (Vincent, 1977) have shown that rainbow and brown trout greater than 28 cm in length had slower growth rates in the river downstream from the reservoir (lower river) than upstream (upper river). Conversely, trout less than 28 cm grew faster downstream from the reservoir. The reasons for these differences in growth rates were not clearly understood, but the effects of high mean summer water temperatures (approaching 19 C) on trout metabolism or food supply have been suggested as possible causes.