Application of the Viable System Model to analyse communications structures: A case study of disaster response in Japan
Application of the Viable System Model to analyse communications structures: A case study of disaster response in Japan
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ejor.2014.11.026
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发表时间：
2015-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
G. Preece;D. Shaw;H. Hayashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
G. Preece;D. Shaw;H. Hayashi
每年，天灾人祸影响数十万人，造成广泛破坏。或者在应对灾害方面做出了重大贡献，这些都是最近几篇文献评论的主题。然而，这些审查也发现了对OR的研究差距--其中两个是(1)软OR的贡献有限，(2)需要在利益攸关方之间存在复杂互动的灾害期间对通信进行建模。在这些差距的交叉点上，我们应用可行系统模型(VSM)来检验在动态灾难期间快速通信生存的挑战。为本报告提供信息的数据来自日本的四个案例研究--三个关于其当前的能力(例如一个地方政府灾害管理办公室)，一个关于其对过去一次灾难(1995年阪神-Awaji大地震)的反应。本文展示了应用VSM如何识别通信系统的一般差距和机会，并展示了这些案例研究如何表明VSM结构对于为快节奏和不断变化的环境安排通信的有效性。本文还通过发展两个新概念(1)生存能力的环境支持机制；(2)快速实施单元的出现，对VSM理论做出了贡献。
Every year, natural and man-made disasters affect hundreds of thousands of people and cause extensive damage. OR has made substantial contributions to disaster response and these have been the subject of several recent literature reviews. However, these reviews have also identified research gaps for OR – two of which are (1) limited contribution from soft OR, and (2) a need to model communications during disasters where there are complex interactions between stakeholders. At the intersection of these gaps we apply the Viable System Model (VSM) to examine challenges of rapid communication viability during dynamic disasters. The data that informs this paper were collected in four case studies in Japan – three on its current capabilities (e.g. a local government disaster management office) and one on its response to a past disaster (the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995). This paper shows how applying VSM identified generic gaps and opportunities for communication systems and shows how these case studies signal the utility of VSM structures to arranging communications for fast-paced and changing environments. This paper also contributes to VSM theory through developing two new concepts (1) environmental support mechanisms for viability; and (2) rapid implementation unit emergence.