Recent Changes in the Distribution of the Social Wage
Recent Changes in the Distribution of the Social Wage
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近期社会工资分配变化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Tom A. J. Sefton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Tom A. J. Sefton
本文探讨了分布的？社会工资？福利服务的实物福利，包括国民保健服务、国家教育、社会住房和个人社会服务。本届政府大力强调改善公共服务，并已开始将其转化为更高的支出。虽然大多数贫穷衡量标准都忽略了社会工资，但将其包括在内对于监测政府政策对最贫穷家庭的影响可能非常重要。该文件使用几次大规模家庭调查的数据，对1996/7年和2000/01年的社会工资价值进行了估计，并与1979年以前的估计进行了比较。结果表明，较贫穷家庭的人从福利服务中获得的实物福利份额比较富裕家庭的人大，这？扶贫？长期以来，偏见一直在逐渐上升。自1996/1997年度以来，福利服务开支的增长速度比过去快，所有主要服务都进一步向低收入群体倾斜。这些变化在同一时期加强了税收和福利政策的再分配效应，尽管它们并没有阻止不平等的加剧。
This paper examines the distribution of the ?social wage? benefits in kind from welfare services, including the National Health Service, state education, social housing, and personal social services. The current Government has put a strong emphasis on improving public services and has begun to translate this into higher spending. Although most measures of poverty ignore the social wage, its inclusion is potentially very significant in monitoring the impact of government policies on the poorest households. The paper produces estimates of the value of the social wage for 1996/7 and 2000/01, using data from several large-scale household surveys, and makes comparisons with estimates from previous work going back to 1979. The results show that people in poorer households receive a greater share of benefits in kind from welfare services than those in richer households and that this ?pro-poor? bias has been rising gradually over the long-term. Since 1996/7, spending on welfare services has grown faster than in the past and there has been a further incremental shift in favour of lower income groups across all the major services. These changes have reinforced the re-distributional effects of tax and benefit policies over the same period, though they have not prevented inequality from rising.