Airborne Concentrations of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Korean Pesticide Manufacturing/Formulation Workplaces
Airborne Concentrations of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Korean Pesticide Manufacturing/Formulation Workplaces
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DOI：
10.2486/indhealth.ms1304
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Han, Don-Hee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Han, Don-Hee
接触有机磷农药的主要是农药制造/配制工人，而不是农民或施用者或与其生活在一起的人。然而，工作场所空气中的浓度很少得到确定。从2007-2008年3月至7月，在生产/配制毒死蜱、EPN、毒死蜱和甲拌磷的4家工厂共采集了121份空气样本（个人或区域采样）。空气中毒死蜱的几何平均水平为0.17 mg/m3，85%韩国职业接触限值为0.2 mg/m3，在95%置信度下，空气中毒死蜱浓度超过KOEL的时间为58.8%或更少，表明根据使用LogNorm 2（R）的暴露评估，该浓度水平不可接受。然而，与TLV和/或PEL和/或WEL的水平相比，其他OP的GM浓度水平显著较低（范围，0.1-15.0%），并且这些浓度水平对于其他OP是可接受的。空气中有机磷的浓度水平取决于工艺的隔离程度;换句话说，浓度水平取决于工艺的自动化程度。除毒死蜱外，空气中的浓度水平远低于预期的原因可能是由于在农药配制工作场所使用补充剂或添加剂来生产完整的农药，因此没有接触到100%的有毒活性成分。本研究是有限的，因为很少或根本没有以往研究的任何数据与研究结果或皮肤暴露数据进行比较。2010年，这些结果被用于修订业务活动的KOEL。
Pesticide manufacturing/formulation workers rather than farmers or applicators or people living with them are primarily exposed to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs). However, airborne concentrations in the workplace have rarely been determined. A total of 121 air samples (personal or area sampling) were collected at 4 factories where chlorpyrifos, EPN, parathion, and phorate, were manufactured/formulated from March through July, 2007-2008. Samples were collected by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method and were analyzed by GC-MS. The geometric mean (GM) level of airborne chlorpyrifos was 0.17 mg/m(3), 85% Korean Occupational Exposure Limit (KOEL) of 0.2 mg/m(3), and at 95% confidence, airborne concentrations exceeded the KOEL 58.8% of the time or less, indicating that this concentration level was unacceptable according to exposure assessment using a LogNorm2 (R). However, compared with levels of TLV and/or PEL and/or WEL, the GM concentration levels of other OPs were remarkably low (range, 0.1-15.0%) and that these levels of concentrations to the other OPs were acceptable. The levels of airborne concentrations of OPs depended on isolation of the process; in other words, the levels depended on the extent to which the process was automated. The reason that the airborne concentration levels, except for those of chlorpyrifos, were very much lower than expected may be attributable to the fact that there was not exposed to 100% toxic active ingredients in pesticide formulation workplaces because of the use of supplemental agents or additives to produce complete pesticides. This study is limited since there were seldom or neither any data of previous studies to be compared with the study results nor dermal exposure data. The results were used to revise KOELs for OPs in 2010.