Global health security and the International Health Regulations.
Global health security and the International Health Regulations.
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2458-10-s1-s2
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发表时间：
2010-12-03
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Aldighieri S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andrus JK;Aguilera X;Oliva O;Aldighieri S
全球核扩散、生物恐怖主义和新出现的感染对国家实现和维护全球安全的能力提出了挑战。上个世纪，新出现的传染病威胁促使世界卫生组织（WHO）制定了《国际卫生条例》（IHR）的初步版本。当前的HR(2005)与早期版本相比存在重大差异，包括：从边境遏制到事件源头遏制的实质性转变；从需要报告的相当小的疾病清单（天花、鼠疫、霍乱和黄热病）转变为所有公共卫生威胁；从预设措施转向因地制宜、更加灵活地应对当地情况。新的《国际卫生条例（2005）》呼吁问责。他们还呼吁加强国家监测和控制能力；预防、警报和应对传统的要求报告的简短清单之外的国际公共卫生紧急情况；全球伙伴关系与协作；人权、义务、责任和监督程序。根据这些不断发展的法规以及泛美卫生组织（PAHO）疫苗采购循环基金等其他措施，在应对2008年巴拉圭城市黄热病和2009-2010年H1N1流感大流行时，可以维持全球卫生安全。
Global nuclear proliferation, bioterrorism, and emerging infections have challenged national capacities to achieve and maintain global security. Over the last century, emerging infectious disease threats resulted in the development of the preliminary versions of the International Health Regulations (IHR) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The current HR(2005) contain major differences compared to earlier versions, including: substantial shifts from containment at the border to containment at the source of the event; shifts from a rather small disease list (smallpox, plague, cholera, and yellow fever) required to be reported, to all public health threats; and shifts from preset measures to tailored responses with more flexibility to deal with the local situations on the ground. The new IHR(2005) call for accountability. They also call for strengthened national capacity for surveillance and control; prevention, alert, and response to international public health emergencies beyond the traditional short list of required reporting; global partnership and collaboration; and human rights, obligations, accountability, and procedures of monitoring. Under these evolved regulations, as well as other measures, such as the Revolving Fund for vaccine procurement of the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), global health security could be maintained in the response to urban yellow fever in Paraguay in 2008 and the influenza (H1N1) pandemic of 2009-2010.