Current developments in forensic interpretation of mixed DNA samples (Review).
Current developments in forensic interpretation of mixed DNA samples (Review).
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混合 DNA 样本法医解读的最新进展（综述）。
DOI：
10.3892/br.2014.232
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发表时间：
2014-05
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Zhang X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu N;Cong B;Li S;Ma C;Fu L;Zhang X
最近的一些改进为当代法医调查提供了多种工具来改进刑事调查中混合 DNA 样本的分析，从而显着改进了性侵犯和凶杀案件中复杂痕迹样本的分析。混合 DNA 包含来自两个或多个贡献者的 DNA，通过将来自一个或多个主要贡献者的 DNA 与来自潜在众多次要贡献者的少量 DNA 相结合来进行复合 DNA 分析。这些样本的特点是丢失或插入的可能性很高，并且口吃程度较高，从而显着增加了分析的复杂性。在某些位点，次要贡献者等位基因可能由于扩增偏差或过度扩增而完全被掩盖，从而产生其他贡献者的错觉。因此，在混合 DNA 样本中，估计贡献者数量并分离给定基因座的贡献者基因型要困难得多，需要应用最近才广泛商业化和标准化的专门方案。在过去的十年中，传统法医实验室可用的混合DNA分析的准确性和可重复性在实验室技术、数学模型和生物统计软件方面有了很大的进步，为法律诉讼和刑事案件生成了更准确、快速和容易获得的数据。
A number of recent improvements have provided contemporary forensic investigations with a variety of tools to improve the analysis of mixed DNA samples in criminal investigations, producing notable improvements in the analysis of complex trace samples in cases of sexual assult and homicide. Mixed DNA contains DNA from two or more contributors, compounding DNA analysis by combining DNA from one or more major contributors with small amounts of DNA from potentially numerous minor contributors. These samples are characterized by a high probability of drop-out or drop-in combined with elevated stutter, significantly increasing analysis complexity. At some loci, minor contributor alleles may be completely obscured due to amplification bias or over-amplification, creating the illusion of additional contributors. Thus, estimating the number of contributors and separating contributor genotypes at a given locus is significantly more difficult in mixed DNA samples, requiring the application of specialized protocols that have only recently been widely commercialized and standardized. Over the last decade, the accuracy and repeatability of mixed DNA analyses available to conventional forensic laboratories has greatly advanced in terms of laboratory technology, mathematical models and biostatistical software, generating more accurate, rapid and readily available data for legal proceedings and criminal cases.